Battalgazi

Battalgazi was the original location of Malatya, as implied by its local (and formerly official) name, Eski Malatya ("Old Malatya").

The settlement in the vicinity—particularly the Arslantepe mound (Arslantepe Höyüğü) near the town of Orduzu to the southeast of Battalgazi—dates back to the 4th millennium BCE. However, it was the Hittites, originated from the west and conquered the area in the 14th century BCE, giving the area its present name: Malidiya, possibly related to the Hittite word of melid, which meant "honey".

The long list of rulers of the area post-Hittites include the Assyrians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Armenians, Crusaders, Seljuk Turks, Mamluk Turks, and Ottoman Turks.

In 1838, during a war between the Ottoman Empire and the forces of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, the Ottoman army seized the town, forcing the local population to nearby Aspuzu, then a collection of cottages amidst the orchards in the outskirts of the town. After the war, the people decided not to return to their battered town, and settled permanently in Aspuzu, renaming it to Malatya.

The abandoned old town was later re-populated, and after being called Eski Malatya for more than a century, was renamed Battalgazi in 1987, after Battal Gazi, a legendary warrior who is thought to have bornt in the region (he is likely a fictional character based on the real-life exploits of an 8th century Islamic warrior).

Battalgazi lies 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Malatya, and a wide avenue free of potholes and with separated directions through lush apricot groves connects each other.

It's possible to catch public buses (run by Malatya City Council–Malatya Belediyesi, lines #B1, #25, #251) and minibuses (recognizable by large banners saying Battalgazi Koop in front of them, which is the name of the company that runs them), which depart every 15 minutes, from various stops in downtown Malatya. However, to avoid long de-tours through the city, it is best to wait for them in the stop just off the roundabout where the road to Battalgazi branches off the main highway. (Directions from the central square: walk east along Cumhuriyet Caddesi and Kışla Caddesi for 500 metres (1,600 ft). You will arrive at an intersection, turn left into Sivas Caddesi here; look for the sign saying Aslantepe Höyüğü in the centre of that intersection. After a walk of about a kilometre along Sivas Caddesi, past a stadium, you will arrive at a large roundabout with traffic lights on the main intercity highway. Cross the highway at those traffic lights, and there you have the bus stop on the right, 50 metres (160 ft) down the street.)

A one-way ride on both the buses and minibuses costs 1.25 TL. Minibuses can be a little crowded on the weekends, but it's a 15-minute ride maximum anyway.

Once you step out of the bus/minibus at the town's central square, you have no other option but to walk. But note that while signage for street names is adequate (usually on small blue signs on the walls of the buildings on the corners of the streets), the signage for interesting sights is woefully rare or even totally non-existent, so either have a print-out of a detailed map of the area before you go, or trust your luck on finding the sights.

You will see lots of local kids around the main sights of interest, and be ready to be shouted at by them ("hello, tourist!" seems to be their favourite phrase). Some will (persistently) try their broken and limited English on you, and might recite what the buildings were used for, etc. You may accept their guidance but keep in mind that they are doing this in the expectation of a tip, so do return the favour if you chose to take a tour with them.

They may keep following you for a while even if you are clearly disinterested, but be patient and they will give up sooner or later. A kind "good bye!" might help.

The town is littered by many historic structures, most of which date back to Seljuk era, and some of which have been renovated, while others waiting for the same favour in a half-ruined state.

Of these, "must-see"s include:

• Caravanserai (Kervansaray) (very close to the town square). As a town on one of the major trade routes into Anatolia from the East, old Malatya surely had a caravanserai. A rather big one, it's easy to visualize the chambers where exhausted travellers and tradesmen slept, where the fires glowed, and where the horses were fed thanks to renovation. Nowadays it sometimes hosts local carpet and trinket exhibitions. Free. 
• Grand Mosque (Ulu Cami) (southeast of Caravanserai — walk up the street in front of the caravanserai for 500 m, and then turn left). Open all day. While not of the comparable size with the other grand mosques of the country and its plain stone walls may not seem like offering much from the outside, just the greenish blue and dark blue tiles inside of this edifice which dates back to 1224 is well worth the effort to get to Battalgazi. Built by the Seljuks, you enter the building through a portal with some masonry work, typical of that era. The only Seljuk monument in Turkey with an inner open-air courtyard (though more such monuments exist in Iran), its southern part—the one at the entrance—is topped by a small dome with small green tiles arranged in a great geometrical pattern. The rest of the building is a peaceful maze of colonnades and arches, but what really impressing are the tiles on the walls facing the inner courtyard: typically Seljuk in colours and design, the tiles together form a (large) number of geometrical forms (none of which, no matter how small, was repeated elsewhere in the mosque) and highly delicate Arabic calligraphy. As this mosque is a seldom visited by sightseers and worshippers, you will most likely have all the mosque to yourself. Free. 

A number of other tombs and smaller monuments, parts of which are in ruins, are scattered throughout the town.

A neighbourhood between the Great Mosque and the central square consists of whitewashed houses and streets surfaced by large stones, creating a nice but faux preserved townscape, as none of those buildings are historic.

Ruins of Roman-built city walls, including a re-built arch gate, can be seen just off the road from Malatya.

The area code of the town is (+90) 422.

There is a small postoffice (PTT) in the town, open M-F 08:30-17:00.

• Karakaya Dam (Turkish: Karakaya Barajı; locally baraj for short) — a ride of 20 minutes further north through verdant apricot orchards, you can reach the banks of the Karakaya Dam lake, a favourite fishing spot of the locals at the weekends. While there are no businesses on the coast (no restaurants or cafes; save for a ferry harbour), the view of grayish serene waters backed by dramatically rising barren mountains on the opposite shore is quite worth the effort to get there. And it could be a nice watersports spot if it weren't for the trash lying around.

Public bus line #B1, and most, if not all, of the minibuses from Malatya continue on to the dam lake after Battalgazi. The bus/minibus fare is fixed (1.25 TL) and doesn't depend on where you caught it (i.e., downtown Battalgazi, or all the way from Malatya).

A crossing of the lake takes around 20 minutes by ferries, which depart at 07:30, 11:00, 15:30 daily from the harbour on Battalgazi side (with return voyages at 08:00, 13:00, 17:00). They accept vehicles and foot passengers, however, they depart whenever their vehicular capacity is full without waiting for the departure time to come, so show up at least half an hour before the scheduled departure if you are a traveller with no vehicle. The road from the harbour on the opposite banks leads to the town of Baskil and further on to Elazığ. This is quite a remote route and the main highway to Elazığ leads east from Malatya, crossing the dam lake by a bridge.