Guangzhou

Like many Chinese cities, Guangzhou municipality includes a vast rural area in addition to the urban core. There are 11 districts in Guangzhou. Among them, Liwan, Yuexiu, Tianhe are the city's core, of most interest to tourists.

Formerly known as Canton to the West, the city of Guangzhou has a history dating back roughly 2,200 years.

A legend tells of five celestial beings riding into the area that is now Guangzhou on five rams carrying sheaves of rice. The celestials bestowed blessings on the land and offered the sheaves to the people of the city as a symbol of prosperity and abundance. After the celestials left, the rams turned into stone, and Guangzhou quickly developed into an affluent and influential city. Due to this legend, Guangzhou has gained several popular nicknames: Yangcheng (羊城; City of Rams), Suicheng (穗城; Sheaves of Rice City) and Wuyangcheng (五羊城; City of Five Rams). In addition, due to the abundance of flowers along the city's main thoroughfares, Guangzhou is often referred to as Huacheng (花城; City of Flowers).

According to historical records, the city was built in 214BC and was known as Panyu (番禺). The name Guangzhou referred to the prefecture in which Panyu was located. As the city grew, the name Guangzhou was adopted for the city.

Guangzhou was also part of the so-called Maritime Silk Road that linked southern China with India, South-East Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. As a result of its links with the Middle East, a mosque was established in the city in 627, and a small Muslim community continues to live in Guangzhou to this day. Additionally, the sixth patriarch of Zen Buddhism was born in Guangzhou and taught the famous Platform Sutra in the city. As a result, Guangzhou has retained a strong connection with this school of Buddhism, and the monastery where the sixth patriarch studied is considered a local treasure. The first Protestant missionary in China, Robert Morrison, entered Guangzhou in 1807. This started the spread of Christianity in the country. Guangzhou now has the largest African population in China.

In 786 the city was sacked by the Persians. In 1514 the Portuguese were the first Europeans that arrived in Canton. They obtained a monopoly on the trade in China and took Macau as a base; their monopoly lasted until the Dutch arrived in the 17th century. In 1711 the British East India Company established a trading post here. In 1757, the Chinese government designated the city as the only port allowed business transactions with foreign nations. This continued until 1842 when the Treaty of Nanking was signed, when four other "treaty ports" were added. Losing the exclusive privilege pushed Guangzhou to become more industrialized later.

Many overseas Chinese can trace their ancestry to the area, with the overwhelming majority of overseas Chinese in English-speaking countries like the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia being of Cantonese descent. In Southeast Asia, Cantonese people also form a substantial portion of the overseas Chinese communities, with Kuala Lumpur and Ho Chi Minh City being home to large and influential overseas Cantonese communities.

Since the opening up of China under Deng Xiaoping, Guangzhou has seen an influx of investment from Hong Kong and overseas Cantonese communities and has continued to grow as an economic center. Guangzhou's GDP surpassed that of Hong Kong in 2019.

Visitors will find the best weather between October and November, and April and May are also good months. Guangzhou has a sub-tropical climate with humidity levels at their highest in the summer. Temperatures can reach almost 40 °C. Typhoon season is from June to September. The Canton Fair takes place annually during the weeks from mid-April to early May and mid-October to early November, so finding accommodation at those times can be difficult and expensive. See the information section under Sleep.

Main article: Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

🌍 Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (广州白云国际机场 CAN ^IATA), Baiyun, ☏ +86 20 3606 6999. One of China's main intercontinental hubs, 28 km north of Guangzhou, it's the most convenient airport to get into the city by taxi and subway. It is the main hub of China Southern Airlines. (updated Jan 2016)

Flying to Hong Kong is another option, although you need to factor in the border crossing. From Hong Kong International Airport, cross-boundary buses run direct to Guangzhou and other cities in Guangdong. Bus companies include China Travel Service, Trans-Island Chinalink and Eternal East, fares range from HK$220–250 one way. At Kowloon station of the Airport Express, next to West Kowloon Railway Station, you can transfer to high-speed trains bound for Guangzhou.

Guangzhou has impressive high-speed rail services across China, focused on Guangzhou South ("Nan") Railway Station. Chief connections are:

Hong Kong (West Kowloon Station) is less than an hour by the fastest trains, via Futian, Shenzhen and Humen, Dongguan; single fares from HK$200 - see Hong Kong#By train. These run every 30 min or so. All the border procedures are at West Kowloon Station, so from Hong Kong to Guangzhou you should check in at the station 90 min before scheduled departure, then on arrival, you don't need to allow much transfer time for an onward train. Going to Hong Kong you're okay till about 20 min before departure, but factor in immigration at the other end if you're going that way to catch a flight.

There are also trains between Hong Kong West Kowloon and Guangzhou East ("Dong") Railway Station (but the journey time is longer), and cheap options involving a Chinese train from Guangzhou to Luohu (罗湖) in Shenzhen, walking across the border bridge, then taking a Hong Kong MTR train (East Rail Line). Lots of locals do this.

Mainland China: Fast trains run to Wuhan (3 hr), Beijing (8 hr), Xian, Shanghai (7 hr), Nanning (4 hr) and Kunming. The most amazing train is to Lhasa in Tibet, just under 5000 km away over dizzying high-altitude passes. This train runs alternate days from Guangzhou Station (广州站), taking almost 55 hours. A sleeper costs ¥923 and up; see also Overland to Tibet.

There are three major train stations in Guangzhou. Countless travellers have gone to the wrong station and missed their trains, so carefully check your ticket.

• 🌍 Guangzhou South Railway Station (广州南站, Nan-Zhan) (Metro lines  2 ,  7  &). The principal station serving the high-speed network. About 20 km south of the centre, a 30-min ride on Metro line 2 (¥5 fare). A huge departure concourse upstairs, with various eating places and other facilities. Many station staff understand English, as this is the main route to Hong Kong. The cluster of hotels around the station consistently refuse to admit foreigners, even those who have paid in advance and are clutching confirmation slips. (updated Dec 2019)
• 🌍 Guangzhou East Railway Station (广州东站, Dong-Zhan) (Metro lines  1  &  3 ). Frequent intercity train service to Shenzhen and long-distance conventional services to some mainland cities. (updated Dec 2023)
• 🌍 Guangzhou Railway Station (广州站, Guangzhou-Zhan) (Metro lines  2  &  5 ). One of the biggest stations in the country, with trains all the way to Harbin and Lhasa. Note that the station is a hotspot for petty crimes, so please pay extra attention to your valuables. (updated Dec 2023)
• 🌍 Guangzhou Baiyun Railway Station (广州白云站, Guangzhou Baiyun-Zhan) (Metro line  8 ). The newest and largest railway station in Guangzhou, serving both high-speed and conventional rail services. (updated Dec 2023)

You're unlikely to use 🌍 Guangzhou North Railway Station, while Guangzhou West Railway Station is a freight yard.

Coach services are available to bring passengers from Hong Kong International Airport to several locations in Guangzhou. Among the destinations are recognizable landmarks like Jinan University (暨南大学) on Huangpu Avenue (黄埔大道), Garden Hotel (花园酒店) and China Hotel (中国大酒店) (see hotel section). The trip takes over 3 hours and costs HK$250. There are also cross border bus terminals throughout Hong Kong. One of the stations is at Austin Road and Canton Road near Kowloon Park. A one-way ticket costs about HK$100.

Domestically, it is possible to hop on a bus from any corner of Guangdong province and get to Guangzhou. There are also many options from nearby provinces like Guangxi, Hubei and Fujian. Here are some of the main stations in the city:

• 🌍 Provincial Station (省汽车客运站), 145-149 Huanshi West Road 环市西路145-149号 (Metro 2 & 5 Guangzhou Railway Station Exit F1, F2, H1, H2). The station serves mostly long distance lines outside the Guangdong Province. 
• 🌍 Liuhua Station (流花站) (Metro 2 & 5 Guangzhou Railway Station Exit D4). Across from Provincial Station, it mostly serves nearby cities in the province. 
• 🌍 Tianhe Station (天河客运站), 633 Yanling Road 燕岭路633号 (Metro 3 & 6, Tianhe Coach Terminal). The station serves Southern and central China, reaching as far as the Gansu Province. There are also many routes to cities in Guangdong. 
• 🌍 Haizhu Station (海珠客运站), 182 Nanzhou Road 南洲路182号 (Metro 2 Nanzhou Station Exit A). Located in the southern part of Haizhu, serving major cities in the province and other Southern China provinces, including Hainan. 
• 🌍 Fangcun Station (芳村客运站), 51 Huadi Middle Avenue (Metro 1 Kengkou Exit B). The station serves similar routes to the Haizhu Station. 
• 🌍 Yuexiu Nan Station (越秀南汽车站), 越秀南东园横2号 (Metro 6 Tuanyida Square). Besides destinations in this and other provinces, it also has lines to Macau and Hong Kong. 
• 🌍 Guangzhou South (广州南汽车客运站) (Metro 2 & 7 Guangzhou South Railway Station). The station mainly services nearby cities. There is a bus to Lo Wu, a commonly used border crossing between Hong Kong and mainland China. The fare is ¥65 and it runs every hour. 

English and Chinese names of bus stations vary from one sign to another—coach terminal, coach station, bus terminal, bus station, passenger terminal or passenger station. The different names may be referring to the same station.

There are two major passenger ports - Nansha Port and Lianhuashan Port, and many other smaller ones.

• 🌍 Nansha Port Passenger Terminal (南沙港客运码头), 2 Nan Er Road, Haibin Xincheng Trade Avenue, Nansha Economic Development Zone (南沙经济技术开发区海滨新城商贸大道南二路2号) (very far from the city center; Metro line 4 ends here), ☏ +86 20 84688963. Serves boats traveling from Guangzhou to Hong Kong (90 min, four times daily, ¥180), Hong Kong International Airport (70 minutes, twice daily, ¥300), and Macau (80 min, twice daily on weekends only, ¥180). (updated Jan 2016)
• 🌍 Lianhuashan Port (莲花山港), 1 Gangqian Road, Shilou Town, Panyu District (番禺区石楼镇港前路1号) (Metro 4 Shiqi Exit A, a free shuttle bus conveys passengers from the metro station to the port), ☏ +86 20 84659906, passenger@lhsgp.cn. Serves boats traveling from Guangzhou to Hong Kong (four times daily, ¥180) and Hong Kong International Airport (three times daily, ¥300). (updated Jan 2018)

Guangzhou's Metro opened in 1999 and has been expanding at a breakneck pace ever since. Most places in Guangzhou of interest to visitors are within walking distance of a metro stop. The Metro cannot be beaten for its combination of convenience and affordability.

Most signs are in both Chinese and English, while announcements are generally trilingual in Mandarin, Cantonese and English. Trains can become extremely crowded during morning and evening rush hours, especially on Line 3. The fare varies by distance, from ¥2 to ¥21. You can buy tickets from vending machines in the stations. These accept ¥5, ¥10 and ¥20 bills and ¥1 coins, giving change; other machines take phone payment via Chinese app Alipay which you're unlikely to have. You can break up big bills, or change worn bills that the machines won't accept, at the customer service counters. The ticket is a small round plastic token, which you tap over the reader at the gate to enter the platform, and at the exit where you surrender the token into the slot like a vending machine. The Yang Cheng Tong card (see details above) is easier to use, and also gives you a 5-40% discount.

As per Chinese standard, you will pass through security when entering metro stations. However, security is somehow laxer, with some stations only needing a pat by metal detector.

There are 15 lines in operation (not including APM):

Line 1 runs southwest to northeast, from Xilang in Fangcun to Guangzhou East Railway Station in Tianhe. It runs underneath Zhongshan Road in the city centre, and is the most useful for accessing shopping areas and tourist sights.

Line 2 runs north-south from Jiahewanggang in Baiyun District to Guangzhou South Railway Station. It serves Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou Railway Station, Yuexiu Park and Haizhou Square. If you're staying in west or central Guangzhou, this line is also useful for reaching the airport by changing to Line 3 at Jiahewanggang.

Line 3 is a Y-shaped north-south line serving eastern Guangzhou. The 'main line' runs from Panyu Square to the Tianhe Coach Terminal Station, whilst the 'north line' splits off at Tiyu Xilu and heads towards Airport South, via Guangzhou East Station.

Line 4 serves Guangzhou's eastern outer suburbs, and runs from Huangcun in Huangpu District down to Nansha Passenger Port. It serves the Olympic Sport Centre and the University Town.

Line 5 runs east-west from Jiaokou (Liwan) to Wenchong (Huangpu District), following the inner ring road through the city. Serves Guangzhou Railway Station, the Garden Hotel and Zhujiang New Town.

Line 6 runs on the north coast of the Pearl River. Serves Beijing Lu, Cultural Park, Huanghuagang, Tuanyida Square, and Dongshanhu Park.

Line 7 runs east-west across the southern suburbs.

Line 8 runs east-west through Haizhu District from Fenghuang Xincun to Wanshengwei. Serves Sun Yat-sen University and Pazhou Exhibition Centre.

Guangfo Line is China's first intercity metro, connecting Guangzhou to downtown Foshan. Central Foshan can be reached in approximately 45–60 minutes from central Guangzhou. Transfers from GZ metro lines and Yangchengtong cards are accepted.

Zhujiang New Town APM is a driverless people-mover serving downtown Tianhe District and is the least-used line on the Metro (which is handy if you want to avoid the most crowded section of Line 3). The line has 9 stops running from Linhexi to Canton Tower, and serves tourist sights including Guangzhou Opera House, Haixinsha Island (where the opening ceremony for the 2010 Asian Games was held) and the Canton Tower. This line uses separate tickets (flat fare ¥2, 5% discount with the Yangchengtong card). Unlike other metro lines, you should insert your token at the entrance gate - the exit gates open automatically when approached.

Lines  9   13   14   18   21  and  22  serve far-out suburban areas and are of little interest to tourists.

The system is still being expanded and there is talk of adding connections to Dongguan, Huizhou, and Zhongshan.

There is also a comprehensive public bus service that covers Guangzhou from end to end. By far, it is the cheapest way to move around. Bus fares are ¥1 for the older buses and ¥2 for the air-conditioned ones, although the older buses have been mostly retired. Information at bus stops is mostly written in Chinese, although the current stop's name is also written in either pinyin or English (not always consistent with the recorded announcement in English) and stops close to subway stations are (usually) marked with the Guangzhou Metro logo, which is handy if you are lost. On-board announcements are made in Mandarin, Cantonese and sometimes English. Exact fare or a Yang Cheng Tong card is needed when boarding. If traveling on a quiet bus, it is advisable to signal to the driver that you wish to get off when approaching your stop by pressing the red buzzer next to the exit door or by saying "xia yi zhan you xia (pinyin:xià yī zhàn yǒu xià)," meaning "I'm getting off at the next stop" or simply "you xia (有下, pinyin:yǒu xià)." In Cantonese "you xia" is "yau lok (有落)."

Bus stops served by many routes are usually divided into multiple sections, each one with a different number. The stops are usually all on the same side of the road, one after another, but in some cases (such as Haizhu Square), the stops are found all over the place.

Buses are only handy for traveling within one district or for reaching suburban districts that are not served by the subway. Heavy traffic can lead to a slow, uncomfortable journey although they can be handy for a cheap but slow sightseeing tour. Trolley bus lines (Routes 101-109) are handy for exploring Liwan and Yuexiu districts.

Most bus routes run from around 06:00 to 22:00 or 22:00, after which there are night buses with the prefix Ye (夜, night). The night route numbers are not related to the normal route numbers. The fare is usually ¥3. Virtually all night buses stop running around 01:00 or 02:00, and some start again around 05:00. In most cases, taking a taxi at night is a better idea.

Guangzhou has over 30 commuter express bus lines (高峰快线) run mostly during peak hours from major bus and subway interchanges to congested areas and outlying districts. Fares are from ¥1-4. There are also four special lines for University Town (大学城专线). You can find these in most major stations in the city that would take you to University Town. Fares are from ¥2-4. There are also 2 tourist bus lines (旅游专线) passing through many scenic spots in the city. Other special lines are: Lines to some commercial districts, shuttle buses for many different residential complexes such as Favourview Palace and Star River, and even complementary shuttle buses for some shopping center. The driver of a shuttle bus may ask for your receipts.

The Bus Rapid Transit system went into service in early 2010. It is essentially a long segregated bus lane (not an elevated busway like in Xiamen) running along the Tianhe Road and Zhongshan Avenue corridor towards the eastern suburbs. Some intersections are traversed by bridges and tunnels, which cuts journey times considerably, but other intersections have traffic lights and therefore traffic jams, and crowds can be as dense as in Metro stations but with fewer doors and a narrower standing area compared to Metro trains.

All buses that use the BRT start with a B prefix (B1, B22, etc.), though some without the "B" stop nearby. When reading a bus route (in Chinese) you can see the BRT logo above each BRT station name, like the GZ Metro logo above bus stops that are near Metro stations. The B1 stops at every BRT station, but other B routes use any number of BRT stations (sometimes just one) and use normal roads the rest of the time.

If boarding a BRT bus at a normal (non BRT) bus stop, the normal fare of ¥2 applies, however you can transfer to other BRT routes for free, provided you transfer at a BRT stop. If boarding at a BRT stop, insert ¥2 (coins only) into the entry turnstile or use your transit card to enter the platform area; no payment is required when boarding the bus, and you can board at the rear.

As with normal bus routes, there is almost no English at BRT stations, and only the current station name is in pinyin. Overall it isn't much use to tourists who can't read Chinese.

Guangzhou taxis are very affordable. The starting charge is ¥12 for the first 3 km, or about 1.9 miles. After that is ¥2.6 for each km. No fuel surcharge is added. A 20% and 50% surcharge is automatically added when the trip reaches 15 and 25 km respectively. A few taxis also accepts Yang Cheng Tong as payment, but it is not preferred by the drivers. The taxi hotline is 96900. This comes in handy if you forget your valuables in a taxi. Save your receipt because it contains the taxi's identification number.

Most taxi drivers do not speak English or any other foreign languages, so be sure to have the name and address of your destination written in Chinese to show your taxi driver. Many are from the poorer northern provinces and do not even speak Cantonese. If your destination is not well known, have a nearby landmark included in the address, e.g. "across from the Garden Hotel."

Whilst the majority of taxis are the regular VWs and Hyundais found in almost all Chinese cities, there are an increasing number of 'London taxis' on the streets of Guangzhou (which comes as no surprise as the latest generation of London black cabs are built by Geely Motors in China). They are wheelchair accessible and can carry up to 6 passengers. Many people recommend using the yellow taxis as that company only employs local Guangzhou drivers who know the city well - other taxi companies usually hire migrant workers from other provinces who may not know where they are going.

Most taxi shift changes take place between 15:00 and 17:00. During this time, it is hard to find a taxi as many drivers stop working by displaying the "out of service (暂停服务)" sign before the end of the shift, unless you are going in their direction. Taxi can be also hard to come by during commuter peak hours of 07:30-09:00 and 17:00-19:00. Finding a taxi during the evening or at night is usually not a problem.

Most people find taxi drivers in Guangzhou to be honest. However, during the Canton Fair near the Pazhou Complex, it is common to see drivers violate rules, such as refusal of service and pre-negotiating a price rather than using the meter. It is also difficult to find an available taxi elsewhere in the city.

Beware of taxi driver as sometimes, in addition to going around the block one too many times, they will also try to pass counterfeit bills. Pay close attention as to what they pay when passing toll booths. Good drivers will show you the toll receipts. Only add the toll amount to what is displayed in the meter. A trip between the airport to the East Railway Station will cost around ¥120-130.

When paying with ¥100 notes, ensure that the money does not leave your sight until accepted. Some taxi drivers will turn around, do something, turn back and hand you back fake notes instead, especially if you are foreigner on the way to the airport. In this situation there is almost nothing you can do.

While driving in Guangzhou is an option, drivers unfamiliar with the driving conditions in China's large and densely populated cities should be aware that the experience can be extremely daunting and potentially dangerous. However, it is common in Guangzhou to rent a car that comes with a driver.

Similar to other Chinese cities, congestion on the roads is also a major problem that Guangzhou experiences.

Car rental companies in Guangzhou:

• Avis (安飞士汽车租凭), 9 Huali Road, +86 20 3829-6279, 08:30–17:30.
• Hertz (赫兹国际汽车出租), 89 Linhe West Road, first floor of Jingxing Hotel. +86 20 8755-1608.

See also Driving in China.

Although a convenient way to navigate the city's back alleys and lanes, motorcycles are banned in the city center, and riding a motorcycle into these prohibited areas can lead to fines and possible confiscation of the bike. In addition to the central motorcycle ban, electric bicycles are banned from the city roads.

Due to the improvement of public transportation and increasing affordability of private cars, bicycles are in sharp decline in Guangzhou. The government has been promoting this low-carbon mode of transportation. Over 100 rental outlets are now available along many BRT lines and subway stations. The rental fee is by the hour and up to ¥30 a day. One popular bike route is along the Pearl River on the Haizhu District side. Other dedicated bike lanes are slowly appearing in the city center, including Tianhe District. Yangchengtong Card is accepted in many public rental outlets.

New bikes are available in major hypermarkets from ¥200 for a cheap single-speed to around ¥800 for a 21-speed mountain bike, although quality leaves a lot to be desired. Giant and Merida are the two most common international brands (both are from Taiwan) and whilst a little more expensive (expect to spend over ¥1000 for anything with more than 1 gear), they offer something a little faster and of better quality. Get a decent quality lock too - bike theft is rampant!

Folding bikes are permitted on the subway (but not on buses) and can be carried in the trunk of a taxi at the driver's discretion, but non-folders are not permitted on any form of public transport other than the cross-river ferries. Bicycles are not permitted to cross the river via the Zhujiang Tunnel or Zhujiang suspension bridge, but are permitted to go on the public ferries for ¥1 (see below).

The ferry is the cheapest way of crossing the Pearl River (Zhujiang). Ferries were very popular in the 1980s and early 90s, carrying tens of thousands of passengers across the river each day. Nowadays its popularity declines substantially, mainly due to the completion of several bridges over the Pearl River and metro tunnels under it. The river narrows when going through the city center (a little wider than the Thames in central London). It is usually faster and more convenient for people to use the bridges or metro to cross the river, rather than wait for the ferries. One still-popular ferry route connects Huangsha Pier (by the seafood market next to Shamian Island) to the pier at Changdi Road on the Fangcun side. Ferries depart every 10 minutes from 06:00 to 22:00. The fare is ¥0.5, or ¥1 with a bicycle. The fare can be paid in cash (no change given) or by using Yangchengtong Card. There are separate boarding gates for cyclists and pedestrians, and you pay at the boarding gate.

Due to the sheer size of the city, walking is not advisable if you are trying to reach destinations in different districts. However, walking is a great way of exploring individual districts, and treats such as markets, small antiquities shops and local restaurants can be found up almost every little alley. Walking along main roads can be a nightmare - construction work can result in some inconvenient pedestrian diversions. Open manhole covers or sidewalks blocked by huge piles of cement are common. Take caution when crossing roads, even when the light is green, as bicycles and cars routinely expect everyone to move out of their way and drive through blindly. Many major intersections must be crossed using complex underpasses and footbridges. Make sure you have a map with you. It is all too easy to get lost in the rabbit-warren of small streets and alleys, even if some street signs are also in English.

• Chinese New Year/Spring Festival (春节 Chūnjié) occurs on first day of first lunar month, usually in January or February. This is a 15 day celebration and some districts can be quite deserted as many migrant workers return to their home provinces. The flower fair is popular during the days before New Year.
• Dragon Boat Festival (端午节 Duānwǔ jié) on fifth day of fifth lunar month, usually in May or June. This festival commemorates the sacrifice of Qu Yuan (屈原), a famous poet who drowned himself in the river by way of making a statement against government corruption during the Warring States Period. The highlights are dragon boat racing along the Pearl River, and eating rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves (粽子).
• Mid-autumn Festival (中秋节 Zhōngqiū jié) is on the 15th day of 8th lunar month, usually in September or October. Cantonese moon cakes are enjoyed during this holiday. Lian Xiang Lou and Taotao Ju's moon cakes are especially famous (see "Eat" section). Kids' favorites are paper lanterns. Many locals also enjoy riding ferries and watching the full moon on the Pearl River.
• Tomb Sweeping Day (清明节 Qīngmíng jié) is around the spring equinox, usually on April 5. Involves visits to the family tombs for cleaning and making offerings.
• Double Ninth Festival (重阳节 Chóngyáng jié) is on the 9th day of 9th lunar month, usually in October. Cantonese has the tradition of hiking up Baiyun Mountain. This is also the fall version of the Tomb Sweeping Day in April.
• Qi Xi, or Chinese Valentine's Day (七夕 Qīxī) is on 7th day of 7th lunar month, usually in August or September. According to legend, a heavenly fairy Zhinyu (织女) fell in love with a mortal farm boy Niulang (牛郎). This was forbidden; as punishment, they were only allowed to meet once a year on this day. There are usually parades and carnivals in the city celebrating the holiday. This is the Chinese equivalent of Valentine's Day, but it is steadily losing its appeal among the locals; many have adopted the Western Valentine’s Day on February 14.
• Winter Solstice (冬至, 过冬 Dōngzhì), which literally means the Coming of Winter is on December 22. Traditionally, Cantonese people observe the day with a family feast, which often includes preserved duck and sausages. However, the highlight of the day's festive dishes is hot soup served with flour dumplings (汤丸).

The Canton Fair (China Import and Export Commodities Fair) is held twice a year (spring and fall) in the Pazhou Complex in Haizhu district. It lasts for several weeks each time — for example, the Fall 2018 Fair is October 15 to November 4.

Through most of Mao's era — from the first Canton Fair in 1957 until the "reform and opening up" under Deng Xiao Ping began in 1978 — the Canton Fair was almost the only way Chinese and foreign business people could meet and make deals. It is still much the largest trade fair in China; the October 2012 Fair had over a million square meters (11 million square feet) of exhibit space, over 24,000 exhibitors, and over 188,000 overseas buyers. Around $32.5 million worth of business was done at that Fair, and almost certainly much more was done later from contacts made at the Fair.

If you are going to the fair, book a hotel well in advance. Hotels tend to be booked and expensive during the Fair. Metro is a good transportation option to go to the fair ground, and many hotels provide free shuttle services.

There are two lesser, but still important, trade fairs in Xiamen every year. These are scheduled so that it is possible to visit one of the Xiamen fairs and the Canton Fair in a single trip.

If time and weather permit, walking is perhaps the best way to see the city as the back alleys, which are littered with antiquities, are not accessible by motorized vehicles. Most trades and goods categories are concentrated in a specific area or along one main street.

• Qingping Market (清平市场), Qingping Road (清平路) (North from Shamian Island. Metro 1 Huangsha Exit D). Cantonese are known to eat just about any animal, and the market is world famous for its wild animal trades, although it has been tamer since the SARS outbreak. It is still a great place to go for exotic goods. The modern front of the market has quite a few stalls selling dried herbs used in Chinese Medicine. The real charm here lies just behind the modern exterior. The modern exterior is built onto a series of old historical narrow alleyways with shops selling herbs. (updated Oct 2012)
• Xiguan Antique Street (西关古玩城), near Liwan Park (荔湾湖公园). (updated Oct 2012)
• Flower Street (花卉水族街), Baohua Road (宝华路). (updated Oct 2012)
• Jade Street (玉器工艺街/玉器街), Changshou Road (长寿路) and Wenchang Road (文昌路), near Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street (Metro 1 Changshou Lu). (updated Oct 2012)
• Ivory and Sea products (象牙雕刻海味街), Daxin Road (大新路). (updated Oct 2012)
• Toy Street and Dried goods and snacks Street (玩具街 and 干果海味食品专业街), Yide Road (一德路) (Metro 2 Haizhu Square). (updated Oct 2012)
• Bridal Street (婚纱专卖街), Jiangnan North Road (江南大道北) (Metro 2 The 2nd Workers' Cultural Palace). (updated Oct 2012)
• Flowers, Aquatic and Lightings Street, Danan Road (大南街) near Beijing Road (北京路) (Metro 1, 2 Gongyuanqian). (updated Oct 2012)
• Household Merchandise Street (日用百货街), Gaodi Street (高第街). The street has become a shopping center selling everyday goods. (updated Oct 2012)
• Cultural Street (古玩字画街 / 文化商业街), Wende Road (文德路) (Metro 1 Peasant Movement Institute). A good place to look for antiques and traditional Chinese artistic goods. (updated Oct 2012)
• Haiyin Shopping District (海印专业购物区), at the northwest side of the Haiyin Bridge (海印大桥). Selling appliances, sporting goods, cloth, fabrics, camera accessories and electronics. (updated Oct 2012)

Many large shopping malls have been built in areas like Yuexiu and Tianhe.

• White Cut Chicken (白切鸡) This is one of the most popular Cantonese cuisine. It is lightly flavored to allow one to taste the true chicken meat. Many Cantonese restaurants have their signature dish based on this, such as the Wenchang Chicken from Guangzhou Restaurant, Real Taste Chicken from Bingsheng Restaurant and Qingping Chicken from various restaurants.
• Yum Cha / Dim Sum (饮茶/ 点心) "A pot of tea with two pieces (一盅两件)" is Guangzhou's dim sum culture. Many locals stay for hours chatting and reading newspaper with just a small order of food. The varieties of dim sum dishes in many restaurants are easily over a hundred. The bite-size quantity of each dish allows one to venture out and try new things that will satisfy one's taste bud.
• Siu Mei / Shao Wei (烧味) Cantonese barbecue is famous around the world where many have seen the image of roasted ducks and chicken hanging in front of a store. Siu mei is a staple item in Cantonese restaurants. Some varieties include barbecued pork (叉烧), roast goose (烧鹅) and roast pig (烧肉).
• Seafood (海鲜) Eating fresh seafood the Cantonese way is a good way to explore Cantonese culture. From picking live fish or lobsters in front of your eyes to eating the sea creatures with their heads attached, this is a great adventure for any visitors.
• Dessert (甜品, 糖水) A Cantonese meal is not complete without Cantonese desserts. Soupy or custard desserts are common. Two distinct Guangzhou favorites are double layered milk (双皮奶) and ginger milk curd (姜撞奶). Other popular choices include tofu pudding (豆腐花), red bean paste (紅豆沙), green bean paste (綠豆沙), guilinggao (龟苓膏), black sesame paste (芝麻糊) and sago (西米露).

Foreign fast food, ice cream and coffee chains are well established in Guangzhou. These include Subway (赛百味), Dairy Queen (冰雪皇后), Saizeriya (Japanese Italian food chain), Papa John's Pizza (棒约翰), KFC (肯德基), Pizza Hut (必胜客), McDonald's (麦当劳), Burger King (汉堡王), Starbucks (星巴克) and Häagen-Dazs (哈根达斯). Most of these can be found in the Zhengjia Plaza (See "Shop").

Convenience stores are on almost every street corner and most are open 24 hours. Major convenience store chains include 7-Eleven, FamilyMart, Circle-K and C-Store. Prices are a little higher than in local shops or supermarkets, particularly at 7-Eleven. Some FamilyMarts and Circle-K's do not sell cigarettes, but C-store does. Corner's Deli is a specialty food chain store with several locations in the city with a good selection of imported foods. One of the locations is at unit 6, Backstreet, CITIC Plaza.

Carrefour (家乐福) This French hypermarket has four stores in Guangzhou. One of them is at Kangwang Road (康王中路656号) near Chenjiaci station. It is cheap and has a good selection of products.

Jusco (吉之岛) There are several locations including Tee Mall at Tiyu West Road and Linhe Middle Road near the East Train Station. This Japanese chain has a good selection of imported groceries.

Park 'n' Shop (百佳) This Hong Kong chain has several locations ranging from convenience stores to hypermarkets. The largest stores are in the shopping mall above Metro Changshou Lu Station and at Tianhe North Road close to the Longkouxi bus stop. It is a little more expensive but has a good selection of imported groceries.

Tesco This British hypermarket is on Zhongshan 6th Road above the Metro Ximenkou Station. The store spreads over 4 floors and the price is reasonable.

Wal-Mart (沃尔玛) The lower-end market has numerous locations in Guangzhou. Formerly known as Trust-Mart (好又多) but rebranded after acquired by Wal-Mart (沃尔玛). Wal-Mart has been upgrading the stores, and the prices while they are at it. This chain has a large stock of non-food items but the grocery selection is limited. It is often crowded on the weekends.

Vanguard (华润万家) This is the flagship operating supermarket chains of China Resources. It is the third largest supermarket chain in Hong Kong. It operates approximately 450 stores in China. There are over 20 stores in Guangzhou.

Lotus (卜蜂莲花) There are several locations ranging from convenience stores to hypermarkets. One of the locations is at 399 Chebei Road (车陂路399号).

The culture of tea drinking, also known as Yum Cha (饮茶), runs deep in Guangzhou. After all, the city was at the center of the massive tea trade that existed between China and Europe during the 19th century.

• Simple Love Tea Shop (十月红奶茶), #102, 94 Tianhe South Rd (Down from the south gate of TeeMall). 15:00-02:00. This is a Taiwanese-style tea and coffee shop. There are about five other locations in the city. 
• Tian Chang Di Jiu, 1 Zhengping Middle Street, Taojin Rd, ☏ +86 20 8358-1627. 
• Chun Ya Yuan Teahouse (春雅源茶艺馆), 19 Siyou New Rd (4/F, Changcheng Hotel), ☏ +86 20 8761-2888 ext 6488. 19:00-01:00. 
• Crystal Tea House, 6 Longkou East Road, Tianhe (1/F, Yuan Yang Hotel), ☏ +86 20 8759-6988 ext 67. 10:00-02:00. 
• Wong Chun Loong Herbal Tea. The traditional herbal tea chain has over a dozen branches in the city, including 17 Wenchang South Road, 109 Huagui Road, 51 Dishifu Road, 504 Xihua Road, and many more. 
• People's Cakes & Coffee. Enjoy cakes and coffee at this Western coffee shop run by Koreans. 

• Yuexiu, #102, 17 Jianshe 6th Road (建设六马路17号102房), ☏ +86 20 8376-6677. 
• Taojin, 98 Taojin South Rd, ☏ +86 20 8348-8085. 

• Starbucks. The Seattle chain has been in China for over 10 years, with more than 25 locations in Guangzhou alone. The benefit to many travelers is the free Wi-Fi. Popular locations include Taojin Road by the Guangzhou Friendship Store, Huanshi East Road in the Peace World Plaza, across the street from the Garden Hotel, and Shamian Island. Check their website for complete listing. Check out some local fusion items including a wide selection of Chinese tea, Green Tea Tiramisu and Shredded Ginger Pork Panini. 

• Australia, 12F Development Center, 3 Linjiang Avenue (珠江新城临江大道3号发展中心12楼), ☏ +86 20 3814-0111. 
• Belgium, Rm. 1601-1602A CITIC Plaza, 233 Tianhe North Road (天河北路233号中信广场1601-1602A室), ☏ +86 20 3877-2351. 
• Cambodia, Rm. 804-807 Garden Hotel, 368 Huanshi East Road (环市东路368号花园大厦804-807室), ☏ +86 20 8384-9937. 
• Canada, Ste. 801 China Hotel Office Tower Liuhua Road (流花路中国大酒店商业大厦801), ☏ +86 20 8611-6100. 
• Cuba, Room 2411 West Tower, Hua Pu Office Complex, 9 Hua Ming Road, Zhujiang New Town (珠江新城华明路9号华普广场西塔2411房), ☏ +86 20 2238-2603. 
• Denmark, Ste. 1578 China Hotel Office Tower Liuhua Road (流花路中国大酒店商业大厦1578室), ☏ +86 20 8666-0795. 
• France, Rm. 803 Guangdong International Hotel Main Tower, 339 Huanshi East Road (广东国际大酒店主楼801-803室), ☏ +86 20 2829-2000. 
• Ghana, Unit 1701-02, 28 Huaxia Road, Tianhe District (广东省广州市华夏路28号富力盈信大厦1701-02单元), ☏ +86 20 8852-2365. 
• Germany, 14th floor, Teem Tower, Tianhe Lu 208 (天河区天河路208号粤海天河城大厦14), ☏ +86 20 8313 0000, info@kanton.diplo.de. M–Th 13:30–15:00, F 08:30–11:30. (updated Oct 2018)
• Greece, Room 2105 Skyfame Tower, 8 Linhe Middle Rd, ☏ +86 20 8550-1124. 
• India, Units 1401-1404 14F Skyfame Tower, 8 Linhe Middle Road (林和中路8号 天誉三期14楼1401-1404单元), ☏ +86 20 8550-1501. 
• Indonesia, Rm. 1201-1223 West Building Dongfang Hotel, 120 Liuhua Road (流花路120号东方宾馆西座2楼1201-1223室), ☏ +86 20 8601-8772, indonesiaguangzhou@kemlu.go.id. 
• Israel, 19th floor, Development Center, 3 Linjiang DaDao, Zhujiang New Town (珠江新城临江大道3号发展中心19楼), ☏ +86 20 85130509. 
• Italy, Rm. 5207-5208 CITIC Plaza, 233 Tianhe North Road (天河北路233号中信广场5207-5208室), ☏ +86 20 3877-0556. 
• Japan, Garden Tower 368 Huanshi East Road (环市东路368号花园酒店1楼), ☏ +86 20 8334-3090. 
• Korea, 18 Youlin 3 Road, Haizhu District (海珠区赤岗领事馆区友邻三路18号), ☏ +86 20 2919-2999, +86 20 2919-2980. 
• Malaysia, Rm. 1912-1918 CITIC Plaza, 233 Tianhe North Road (天河北路233号中信广场 1915-18室), ☏ +86 20 3877-0757. 
• Mexico, Rm. 1402-03 183 Tianhe North Road (天河北路183号大都会广场1401室), ☏ +86 20 2222-0980. 
• Netherlands, Teem Tower, 34th Floor, 208 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510620 广州市天河路208号粤海天河城大厦), ☏ +86 20 3813-2200. 
• Norway, Rm. 1802 CITIC Plaza, 233 Tianhe North Road (天河北路233号中信广场18楼1802室), ☏ +86 20 3811-3188. 
• New Zealand, Rm. 1160 China Hotel Office Tower Liuhua Road (流花路中国大酒店商业大厦1160室), ☏ +86 20 8667-0253. 
• Pakistan, Rm. No. 705-06 Grand Tower No. 228 Tianhe Rd, ☏ +86 20 8550-5679. 
• Philippines, Rm. 709-711 Guangdong International Hotel 339 Huanshi East Road (环市东路339号广东国际大酒店710室), ☏ +86 20 8331-1461. 
• Poland, 63 Shamian Street (沙面大街63号), ☏ +86 20 8121-9993. 
• Singapore, Rm. 2418 CITIC Plaza, 233 Tianhe North Road (天河北路233号中信广场2418室), ☏ +86 20 3891-2345. 
• Switzerland, 27F Grand Tower 228 Tianhe Road (天河区天河路228号广晟大厦27层), ☏ +86 20 3833-0450. 
• Thailand, M07 Garden Hotel, 368 Huanshi East Road (环市东路368号花园酒店2楼M07室), ☏ +86 20 8384-9937. 
• United Kingdom, 2F Guangdong International Hotel 339 Huanshi East Road (环市东路339号广东国际大酒店二楼), ☏ +86 20 8314-3000. 
• U.S.A., 43 Huajiu Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District (天河区珠江新城华就路43号) (public entrance on Huaxia Road (华夏路), near Exit B1 of Zhujiang New Town metro station on Line 3 and Line 5), GuangzhouACS@state.gov. This is the only U.S. Consulate in China that processes adoption and immigration visas. 
• Vietnam, 2F Building B North, Landmark Canton Hotel, 8 Qiaoguang Road (侨光路8号华厦大酒店B座2楼), ☏ +86 20 8330-5911. 

ATMs that accept foreign credit or debit cards are common in shopping malls and tourist areas. Withdrawal is available in Chinese currency only. Most banks in the city center also accept exchanges from your local currencies to ¥. Your passport is required for this service. Some banks allow you to change back to your local currency with the original exchange memo.

• Bank of China (中国银行) There is a branch inside Garden Hotel. ATM is available on the ground floor of White Swan Hotel and over 100 locations in Guangzhou. Their ATMs are the best bet for using foreign cards.
• Bank of America Rm 2506, 555 Renmin Middle Road +86 20 8130-0888. The bank has alliance with China Construction Bank.
• Citi Unit 101, Fortune Plaza, 118 Tiyu East Road. +86-20 3898-1688. This bank has a full service branch with currency exchange services and 24-hour ATMs.

Few lower end hotels and hostels have coin-operated self-service laundry room. Self-service laundromats are not available on the streets, although dry clean and laundry stores are available to clean your clothes. Normally you can drop your clothes off and pick them up the next day. One laundry chain is Tiantian (天天洗衣), which is conveniently located in most Metro stations. There are many stores on Shamian Island that have laundry service. An average load of laundry costs about ¥100.

In other parts of the city, there are laundry and dry clean shops sprinkled throughout neighborhoods. An average load should cost no more than ¥40. If you are doing sheets and blankets, they should charge no more than ¥10 for a blanket, ¥30 for a quilt. Dry-cleaning a sweater is about ¥8.

Hong Kong’s international channel, TVB Pearl, is available in most hotels, and has a great selection of programs from the UK and US, plus news at 19:30 and late (23:00 or later) every day. However, their broadcasting in China is subject to censorship by Chinese authorities.

The China Daily and/or Global Times are the two only English language newspapers available in Guangzhou (unless you go to a library), and both can be found on newsstands throughout the city. There are several bookstores throughout the city that sell current English and Foreign periodicals. The South China Morning Post from Hong Kong is also available by subscription only. South China TALK and That's Guangzhou are monthly English-language magazines based in Guangzhou.

If you can read some Chinese, the Southern Metropolis Daily (南方都市报) is a major Chinese newspaper in the region. The newspaper takes a liberal stance, and often clashes with official censors regarding controversial incidents. The newspaper can be regarded as an alternate view to official news.

All the religious sites listed in the See section are open to worshippers.

• Guangzhou International Christian Fellowship, 89 Linhe West Road (林和西路89号) (Star Hotel (景星酒店) near the Metro 1 East Train Station), ☏ +86 1366 234 6904. Holds weekly service on Sundays at 10:00. You must show your travel documents to enter since residents are not allowed there due to local laws. 

Guangzhou has over 15 branches of Total Fitness. One of the locations is at the 8th floor of Grandview Mall (Zhengjia Plaza 正佳广场). The Guangzhou Marriott (see sleep) has a complete new gym with Star Trac equipment, a swimming pool, tennis court, sauna and steam.

• Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital is near the Garden Hotel. 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road +86 20 8382-7812, +86 20 2062-2031.

China Post, the official post office, is your best bet for regular letters and postcards. For packages, other than the post office, there are many shipping centers around the city who are agents for DHL, FedEx, UPS, TNT and EMS. There are usually shipping counters at higher-end hotels. Ask your hotel for the nearest shipping locations.

• Post Office (China Post) - Post Office is usually slow and little English is spoken. EMS service is available through the post office. The following are locations close to tourist areas.

• Shamian Post: Shamian 3rd Street (沙面三街) 09:00-17:00, closed on Sunday.
• Liuhua Post: 151 Huanshixi Road (广州市环市西151号) between Guangzhou Railway Station and the Provincial Coach Terminal.
• Taojin Post: 5 Taojin North Road (淘金北路正平中街5号) +86 20 8357-1583

• DHL There is a branch in Garden Hotel +86 20 8384-9210.
• UPS 1121 Guangyuan Middle Road, +86 20 8657-9898; China Hotel, +86-20 8666-2696; TeeMall +86 20 8230-4008.