Ladysmith

The Anglo Boer War dominates recorded history in this area. On 30 October 1899 (Mournful Monday), Boer forces started a siege on the town after British troops retreated there following their defeat at the Battle of Modderstroom. The siege lasted 118 days before British reinforcements arrived and were able to put an end to it.

Sir Winston Churchill gives a good account of the siege (and of the Anglo Boer War in general) in his book London to Ladysmith via Pretoria.

Follow the N11 from the N3 for about 20km.

• Note: The Seat61 website reports that this service was suspended as a result of the COVID pandemic and as a result of looting and cable theft has yet to resume service [Upated February 2023].

Passenger trains between Johannesburg and Durban calls in Ladysmith.

• 🌍 Ladysmith railway station. (updated Mar 2022)

• 🌍 Ladysmith Airport (LAY  ^IATA). General aviation only (updated Nov 2019)

• 🌍 Bloukrans Memorial (Weneen Massacre) (From Colenso, Follow the R74 southwards for 13 km. The momument is signposted and is about 6 km along a dirt road that crosses the railway line.). In 1836 and 1837, the Voortrekkers entered Kwazulu-Natal from across the Drakensberg. On 6 February 1838 their leader, Piet Retief together with his entourage were murdered by Dingane, the Zulu king, after having negotiated a land settlement. Dingane then sent his warriors to "eliminate" all new settlers who had camped along the Tugela, Bloukrans and Bushman’s Rivers to claim the best farms. On 17 February 1838, the Zulu impis attacked the waiting ox-wagons and in all 453 people were slain. The monument commemorating their murder was erected in 1897. There are no visitor facilities at the site. 
• 🌍 Siege of Ladysmith, 151 Murchison Street, Ladysmith (next door to the Ladysmith Town Hall), ☏ +27 36 637 2992. M-F 08:00-16:00, Sa 09:00-12:00. The second Anglo-Boer War broke out on 11 October 1899. The Boers, who had been massing on the border close to Volksrust, swarmed into the Natal Colony and by 2 November 1899 half the British forces in the Colony were trapped in Ladysmith, a town about 20 km north of the Tugela River. There are many memorials on the hills around Ladysmith, but the museum, which is housed in the old market building, is in the centre of the town. R11. 
• 🌍 Battle of Colenso (from Ladysmith, follow the N11 and R103 southwards, after 25 km take the left-hand fork which is signposted to Colenso; within 1 km you will cross a narrow bridge that spans the Tugela; the museum is on the right-hand side as you leave the bridge). Colenso is located on the south bank of the Tugela River which, during the siege of Ladysmith, was effectively the "front line" between the two forces. The Battle of Colenso took place on 15 December 1899 when the British tried to force a crossing of the river. From the British point of view, the battle was a disaster, not only were 143 men killed, but 10 field guns were lost while the Boers lost eight men killed. Four Victoria Crosses were awarded on that day, one of them posthumously to Freddie Roberts, Lord Robert's son. The Robert E Stevenson Museum, originally the toll house for the bridge, has maps depicting the battle and gives directions to memorials and graveyards associated with both the Battle of Colenso and the Battle of Tugela Heights. The key to the museum is held at the Police Station which is next door. 

• 🌍 Battle of Spion Kop. 

• 🌍 Battle of Tugela Heights.