National parks in Spain

Spain boasts 16 national parks, each offering a unique blend of breathtaking scenery, wildlife conservation, and opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts to explore its diverse ecosystems. It also has several UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves and UNESCO Global Geoparks Network

Understand

Spain is blessed with a diverse range of natural landscapes, each protected and celebrated within its network of exquisite national parks. From soaring mountains to serene coastlines, these parks offer a haven for nature enthusiasts and adventurers alike. Lace up your hiking boots, grab your camera, and immerse yourself in the stunning beauty of Spain's national parks.

Whether you seek outdoor adventure, serene landscapes, or unique flora and fauna, Spain's national parks offer an array of experiences that capture the essence of this diverse and captivating country. Remember to respect the environment and adhere to park regulations to ensure these natural treasures endure for generations to come.

History

Spain boasts a rich history of national parks that stretches back to the early 20th century. The country's first national park, Picos de Europa, was designated in 1918, setting a precedent for the conservation of its stunning natural landscapes. However, it wasn't until 1954 that the National Parks Law was enacted, establishing a framework for the creation and protection of these pristine areas.

In the subsequent decades, Spain expanded its national park network to encompass diverse ecosystems. Ordesa y Monte Perdido, established in 1918, was later incorporated into the Ordesa-Viñamala Biosphere Reserve, showcasing the country's commitment to preserving both biodiversity and cultural heritage.

The Canary Islands, with their unique flora and volcanic landscapes, saw the creation of Garajonay National Park in 1981, emphasizing Spain's dedication to safeguarding its extraordinary natural treasures.

Today, these parks stand as testament to Spain's commitment to environmental preservation and the celebration of its natural beauty.

Mainland & Balearic islands

🌍 Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park In Lleida in the heart of the Pyrenees this Park is a tapestry of crystal-clear lakes, verdant valleys, and rocky summits. Embark on trails that lead to secluded lakeshores or challenge yourself with high-altitude routes.

🌍 Cabrera National Park Off the coast of Mallorca this Park boasts crystal-clear waters, underwater caves, and a rich maritime history. Explore the seabed through snorkeling or diving, and discover the remnants of a Napoleonic-era fortress.

🌍 Cabañeros National Park is a natural haven brimming with diverse ecosystems. Spanning lush woodlands, meadows, and rugged hills, the park offers a sanctuary for an array of wildlife, including Iberian lynxes and imperial eagles. Its intricate hiking trails beckon adventurers to explore the enchanting landscapes, from dense forests of cork oak to pristine river valleys. Immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of biodiversity and untamed beauty that defines it .

🌍 Doñana National and Natural Park Spanning marshes, dunes, and woodlands, Doñana National Park in Huelva, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a critical stopover for migratory birds. Birdwatchers will be in their element here, spotting species like flamingos and Spanish imperial eagles. The park's pristine beaches and shifting landscapes create a haven for biodiversity.

🌍 Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park Located off the northwestern coast of Spain, in Galicia, the Park is a maritime haven of lush landscapes and diverse marine life and offers a tapestry of unspoiled beaches, rocky shores, and verdant woodlands. Explore trails that lead to breathtaking viewpoints, where you can spot seabird colonies and dolphins in the pristine waters. Camping, snorkeling, and kayaking opportunities abound, making this park a paradise for nature enthusiasts seeking an immersive coastal experience. Note that park access is regulated to preserve its delicate ecosystem.

🌍 Monfragüe National Park Nestled in Extremadura in the heart of Spain, this Park is a haven for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. This rugged landscape of cliffs, rivers, and Mediterranean forests is renowned for its impressive avian population, including majestic eagles and rare vultures. Embark on well-marked trails that lead to panoramic viewpoints, offering breathtaking vistas of the park's diverse ecosystems. Keep an eye out for the iconic Monfragüe Castle, perched atop a hill and offering a glimpse into the region's history. With its remarkable biodiversity and stunning vistas, Monfragüe beckons those seeking an authentic Spanish wilderness experience.

🌍 Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park In the heart of the Pyrenees in Aragon, this Park is a natural masterpiece that enchants hikers and mountaineers alike. Towering peaks, lush valleys, and cascading waterfalls create a dramatic backdrop for exploration. The park's crown jewel is Monte Perdido, one of the highest peaks in the Pyrenees. Traverse well-maintained trails that lead to viewpoints offering awe-inspiring panoramas. Discover the iconic Ordesa Valley with its sheer cliffs and emerald forests. From wildflower meadows to glacial lakes, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts seeking both adventure and tranquility amidst breathtaking alpine beauty.

🌍 Picos de Europa National Park - Nestled in Asturias, the Park showcases rugged peaks, deep gorges, and picturesque villages. Popular among hikers and mountaineers, this park boasts thrilling trails like the Ruta del Cares, which winds along a stunning gorge. Keep an eye out for rare wildlife, including the Iberian ibex.

🌍 Guadarrama National ParkNear Madrid, its striking landscapes encompass rugged peaks, verdant valleys, and pristine rivers, forming a haven for various wildlife like the Spanish ibex. Hikers can trace ancient trails, while winter adventurers relish in snow-covered slopes.The park houses charming villages and historic sites, creating an enticing blend of natural splendor and cultural heritage in Guadarrama.

🌍 Sierra de las Nieves National Park situated in southern Spain, is a captivating expanse renowned for its stunning mountain vistas and diverse ecology. Its rugged terrain features limestone peaks, deep gorges, and ancient forests home to the rare Spanish fir. The park's network of trails invites nature enthusiasts to discover its wealth of flora and fauna, including wildcats and golden eagles

🌍 Sierra Nevada National and Natural Park - Draped across southern Spain,the park is in Sierra Nevada mountain range, and is a paradise for snow enthusiasts and sun seekers alike. In winter, hit the slopes at Spain's southernmost ski resort. In summer, explore meadows adorned with wildflowers and conquer Mulhacén, the Iberian Peninsula's tallest peak


🌍 Tablas de Daimiel National Park A wetland oasis in Castile-La Mancha, Tablas de Daimiel National Park is a sanctuary for waterbirds and a testament to the importance of conservation efforts. Meander along elevated walkways to observe thriving ecosystems and delicate water lilies.

Canary Islands

🌍 Caldera de Taburiente National Park In La Palma island , unveils a mesmerizing volcanic crater sculpted by eons of natural forces. The park's vast basin is adorned with dramatic cliffs, lush vegetation, and crystalline streams, enthralling hikers and nature enthusiasts. Unique flora and fauna, such as the endangered Barbary partridge, thrive in this UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Traverse the intricate trails and immerse yourself in the awe-inspiring geology and biodiversity

🌍 Garajonay National Park On the island of La Gomera this Park transports visitors to an otherworldly laurisilva forest. Misty and mystical, the park features ancient trees, mossy paths, and panoramic viewpoints that offer glimpses of neighboring islands.

🌍 Teide National Park Dominating the landscape of Tenerife, Mount Teide, is Spain's highest peak, and has a dramatic volcanic terrain that surrounds it. Take a cable car to the summit for breathtaking views of the Canary Islands archipelago.

🌍 Timanfaya National Park Found on Lanzarote,the park is a captivating testament to the raw power of volcanic activity. Its otherworldly terrain features dramatic lava fields, multi-hued craters, and geothermal wonders, creating an unparalleled landscape that feels like stepping onto another planet. Visitors can explore this UNESCO Biosphere Reserve by guided tours, showcasing the park's volcanic origins and the tenacity of life that thrives amidst the desolation.

UNESCO Biosphere Reseves in Spain

UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves are large landscapes with significant biodiversity and important ecological systems. Each reserve is a focus for environmental collaboration and sustainable development, and offer travellers an opportunity to appreciate and understand unique parts of the natural environment.

Official nameLocationYear of designationPeriodic reviewNotes
🌍 GrazalemaAndalusia19772004
🌍 Ordesa-ViñamalaAragón19772000, 2011Extended in 2013
🌍 Montseny Catalonia19782000, 2011
🌍 DoñanaAndalusia19802004
🌍 Mancha HúmedaCastile-La Mancha19802002
🌍 Las Sierras de Cazorla y SeguraAndalusia19832004
🌍 Marismas del OdielAndalusia19832004
🌍 La PalmaCanary Islands1983Extended and renamed 1997, 2002
🌍 UrdaibaiBasque Country19842000, 2011
🌍 Sierra NevadaAndalusia19862000
🌍 Cuenca Alta del Río Manzanares Community of Madrid19922006
🌍 LanzaroteCanary Islands19932007
🌍 MenorcaMenorca19932006Change in zonation 2004
🌍 Sierra de las Nieves y su EntornoAndalusia19952007
🌍 Cabo de Gata-NijarAndalusia19972011
🌍 Isla de El HierroCanary Islands20002013
🌍 Bardenas RealesNavarre20002011
MuniellosAsturias2000Extended in 2003
🌍 SomiedoAsturias20002011
RedesAsturias20012013
🌍 Las Dehesas de Sierra MorenaAndalusia2002
🌍 Terras de MiñoGalicia2002
🌍 Valle de LacianaCastile and Leon2003
🌍 Picos de EuropaAsturias2003
🌍 MonfragüeExtremadura2003
🌍 Valles de Jubera, Leza, Cidacos y AlhamaLa Rioja2003
🌍 BabiaCastile and Leon2004
🌍 Alto BernesgaCastile and Leon2005
🌍 Área de AllarizGalicia2005
🌍 Gran CanariaCanary Islands2005
🌍 Sierra del Rincón Community of Madrid2005
🌍 Los Valles de Omaña y LunaCastile and Leon2005
🌍 Los ArgüellosCastile and Leon2005
🌍 Las Sierras de Béjar y FranciaCastile and Leon2006
🌍 Os Ancares Lucenses y Montes de Cervantes, Navia y BecerraGalicia2006
🌍 Los Ancares LeonesesCastile and Leon2006
🌍 Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the MediterraneanAndalusia2006Shared with Morocco
🌍 Rio Eo, Oscos y Terras de BuronGalicia2007
🌍 FuerteventuraCanary Islands2009
🌍 Geres/XuresGalicia2009Shared with Portugal
🌍 La GomeraCanary Islands2012
🌍 Las Ubiñas-La MesaAsturias2012
🌍 Mariñas Coruñesas e Terras do MandeoGalicia2012
🌍 Real Sitio de San Ildefonso-El EspinarCastile and Leon2013
🌍 Terres de l’Ebre, CataloniaCatalonia2013
🌍 Meseta Ibérica Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Portugal/Spain)Castile and Leon2015Shared with Portugal
🌍 Macizo de AnagaCanary Islands2015
🌍 Tejo/Tajo Internacional Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Portugal/Spain)Extremadura2016Shared with Portugal
PongaAsturias2018
Alto TuriaValencian Community2019
La SiberiaExtremadura2019
🌍 Valle del CabrielCastile-La Mancha, Aragón, Valencian Community2019
🌍 Ribeira Sacra e Serras do Oribio e Courel Biosphere ReserveGalicia2021

UNESCO Geoparks in Spain

UNESCO Global Geoparks Network are single, unified geographical areas where sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a holistic concept of protection, education and sustainable development.

Official nameLocationArea
(km2)
YearNotes
🌍 Cabo de Gata - Níjar UNESCO Global GeoparkAndalusia5002006
🌍 Sierras Subbéticas UNESCO Global GeoparkAndalusia3202006
🌍 Sobrarbe UNESCO Global GeoparkAragon22022006
🌍 Sierra Norte de Sevilla UNESCO Global GeoparkAndalusia1774.842011
🌍 Basque Coast UNESCO Global GeoparkBasque Country892010
🌍 Villuercas-Ibores-Jara UNESCO Global GeoparkExtremadura2544.42011
🌍 Central Catalunya UNESCO Global GeoparkCatalonia13002012Sant Llorenç del Munt i l'Obac Natural Park |
🌍 Molina and Alto Tajo UNESCO Global GeoparkCastile-La Mancha45202014
🌍 Las Loras UNESCO Global GeoparkCastile - León950.762017
🌍 Conca de Tremp–Montsec UNESCO Global GeoparkCatalonia20502018
🌍 Courel Mountain UNESCO Global GeoparkGalicia577.852019
🌍 El Hierro UNESCO Global GeoparkCanary Islands5952014
🌍 Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands UNESCO Global GeoparkCanary Islands25002015

Birdwatching

the best nationals parks for birdwatching are:

  • Cabañeros National Park
  • Monfragüe National Park
  • Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park
  • Doñana National and Natural Park
  • Tablas de Daimiel national park

Go next

Visit Nature parks in Catalonia

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