Sanamahism

Sanamahism/traditional Meitei ethnic religion has many religious aspects including animism (divine spirits of water, vegetation, trees, etc.), polytheism (many deities), shamanism (practitioners/shamans connecting to the gods), spiritualism (afterlife and souls) and totemism (sacred objects or symbols).

The Meitei people were once an ethno-religious ethnicity (ethnic group that believes in only one faith) before the vast majority of them underwent forced conversion to Hinduism during the 18th century AD. A little population of the Meitei ethnicity has now also converted into Christianity and Buddhism. Most of the Buddhist Meiteis live in Myanmar (Burma).

The followers of Sanamahism are called Sanamahists. The Sanamahist population accounts for 8% of the total population of Manipur, according to the 2011 census.

• 🌍 Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang Temple, Imphal. This temple is dedicated to Meitei God Pakhangba. It is situated in the heart of the historic Kangla, in Imphal West district of Manipur. free (excluding the charges for visiting the entire historic Kangla fort/palace site). 
• 🌍 Lainingthou Sanamahi Kiyong Hongba Temple, Imphal. 24 hours. This temple is dedicated to Meitei God Lainingthou Sanamahi. It is situated on the hilltop of the Selloi Langmai Ching Hills, in Imphal East district of Manipur. free. 
• 🌍 Ibudhou Marjing Temple, Heingang, Imphal. This temple is dedicated to Meitei God Marjing, the only deity of polo sports in the world. It is situated on the foothills of the Heingang Ching Hills of the Kontha Khabam region in Imphal East district of Manipur. free. 
• 🌍 Sanamahi Temple, Imphal. This temple is dedicated to Meitei God Lainingthou Sanamahi and his foster mother Goddess Leimarel Sidabi. It is situated in the Sanakhwa Yaima Kollup, in Imphal West district of Manipur. free. 
• 🌍 Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple, Hiyangthang. This sacred shrine is dedicated to Meitei Goddess Hiyangthang Lairembi (alias Irai Leima), the female deity of water. Historically, the shrine was heavily mixed with Hindu culture that many Hindus believe this Meitei goddess as Hindu goddess Durga. So, this temple is extremely busy during the traditional Meitei festivals like Lai Haraoba, Panthoibi Iratpa, etc. as well as Hindu festival like Durga Puja, as both Sanamahists & Hindus visit the temple. 
• 🌍 Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi Temple (Konthoujam Lairembi gi Khubam), Sagoltongba Mayai Leikai, Salam Keikhu, Konthoujam village. 24 hours. This Sacred Grove is dedicated to Meitei Goddess Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi, the former chief consort of God Salailen, the King of Heaven. Her mythology revolves around the sacred site. Many archaeologists and historians visit this place because of the presence of Meitei stone inscriptions. Many biologists visit this place because of the presence of rare vegetation inside the reserved sacred groves. The grove is dominated by the centuries old banyan trees connecting one another. Remarkably, a pair of long concrete dragon boats are also installed near the northern entrance gate to the sacred shrine. At the same time, many devotees and pilgrims visit the place for worshipping the mother goddess Tampha. free. 
• 🌍 Puruk Shoubi sacred site, Imphal. This holy site is dedicated to Meitei God Pakhangba. It is well known for a sacred pond, whose waters are collected by devotees for the spiritual cleansing and purification of their bodies. It is situated in the middle of the farmlands in Kongba region in Imphal East district of Manipur. free. 
• 🌍 Ebudhou Khumanpokpa Temple, Karang Island, Thanga-Karang Archipelago, Loktak Lake. This temple is dedicated to Meitei God Khuman Pokpa (alias "Khuman Apokpa"), the deity of night and darkness and the progenitor of the Khuman clan. The temple is adjacent to a park. It is situated in the middle of the Karang island in the middle of the Loktak Lake. To reach the place, one needs to take a boat ride from the nearest port of the Thanga island. free (except for your personal boating fees to reach the island). 
• 🌍 Khwairakpa Erel, Lakhipur, Cachar district, Assam. 24 hours. This sacred island hosts a small shrine dedicated to Meitei God Khwairakpa (popularly called "Nongpok Ningthou"). The island is situated in the middle of the Barak River. It is the most popular pilgrimage site for the Sanamahists/traditional Meitei faith followers in Assam. free (except for your personal boating fees to reach the island). 
• 🌍 Kwatha Laibung, Kwatha Meetei, Kwatha, Chandel district, Manipur. Most of the Meitei people in this place follow Christianity. However, they preserve the sacred site for the pilgrims of traditional Meitei faith followers and lovers. 
• 🌍 Lai Nongshaba Temple, Thanga Island, Loktak Lake. This temple is dedicated to Lai Ningthou Nongshaba, the Dragon Lion God. It is situated in the beach of the Loktak Lake, just next to the roadways. free. 
• 🌍 Nongpok Ningthou Nongpok Panthoibi Shanglen, Moreh, India-Myanmar border town. This temple is dedicated to God Nongpok Ningthou and Goddess Panthoibi. The building structure is easily identifiable as it has distinct red colored roofs. 

Sanamahism/Traditional Meitei ethnic religion is sometimes attempted to be considered or treated as a sub-section/sect/denomination of Hinduism by some group of people. Such considerations and treatments are considered as disrespect and illegal according to the "Freedom of Religion" of the Indian Constitution as well as several international legal bodies.

The traditional Meitei ethnic religion is considered as a civilised culture by most of the Meitei people. So, the usage of the English language terms like "tribalism", "tribal faith" or "tribal religion" is considered as a disrespect by most of its followers. Even according to the Indian law, among the 4 types of legally categorised groups of Indian people - (1) General (GEN), (2) Scheduled Caste (SC), (3) Scheduled Tribe (ST) and (4) Other Backward Classes (OBC), Meitei people aren't legally considered as Scheduled Tribes (ST). So, the usage of tribe-related terms to refer to the Meitei culture is considered as offensive, except for some special cases.

Sanamahism allows people of any faith in entering the Sanamahist/traditional Meitei religious shrines or temples or any other holy sites. Everyone should remove their shoes, slippers and socks before entering into the sacred sites. Otherwise, it's considered as a disrespect. Wear shoes that can be slipped on and off easily, particularly if you're planning to visit a lot of temples.

Usually, either near the gate or near the entrance door of most traditional Meitei holy shrines, leaves of Tairen plant (Toona ciliata) are kept immersed in a clean water vessel. Every visitors are supposed to hold the leaves and sprinkle a little of the water on their heads or upper body parts. It is supposed to spiritually cleanse the body of the visitors. In some places, such sprinkling of water with leaves are done by maibas (priests) or maibis (priestesses) in service of the temples. If a maiba or a maibi isn't present, you can sprinkle the water by yourself.

Sanamahism is a faith with little population of followers. It is always struggling to thrive among the gigantic population of other major religions. Being a minority religion, it faces impacts and influences from other religious cultures, especially from Hinduism.

Classical Meitei language (officially known as Classical Manipuri language) is the liturgical language of Sanamahism (ancient Meitei religion). This standardised form of Meitei language is used to chant sacred hymns and prayers. The classical form of Meitei language is very different from the present day spoken Meitei. The word meanings are so complex that if not rendered properly by a language expert or an experienced scholar, a statement or a speech in Classical Meitei may get translated with contrasted meanings.

Sanamahism (Meiteism) doesn't allow its followers to consume eels, snakes or any other reptiles of similar appearance.

Beef and pork are neither banned nor promoted in general. However, in some religious sects/denominations of Sanamahism (Meiteism), pig meats are offered to gods and goddesses.

Practices of animal sacrifices were prevalent in old times. In modern days, since there are many wildlife protection laws regulated, such practices aren't usually allowed. However, for those animals that aren't mentioned in the wildlife protection laws and are found matching for the sacrificial rites and rituals according to Meitei religious beliefs, they are still sacrificed.

In Sanamahism, many people offer "kabok" (a traditional Meitei snacks) to gods and goddesses. These food items are later shared among devotees.

Some sects of Sanamahism allow the consumption of wine/alcoholic drinks. However, some sects consider such drinks as profane.

The places in Manipur where wine/alcoholic drinks are used for religious purposes are Andro, Kakching, Khurkhul, Phayeng, Sekmai, etc.

Since Meitei script is considered the holy writing system according to Sanamahism (Meiteism), many associations and organizations teach how to write and read the Meitei script to interested people at free of cost or only with a little fee. You can have access to learn both the ancient writing system as well as the modern writing system of the Meitei script.

Due to the fact that Sanamahism/traditional Meitei faith is not a very commonly known religion, there might be the possibility of scams that prey on tourists' lack of knowledge of traditional Meitei customs. Here are some points to take note of as the precautionary measures so that you can avoid a few of the common scams:

• Meitei maibas/priests/shamans and maibis/priestesses do not sell religious items. Compounds of the Shrines/Temples may have shops selling religious items. These are always staffed by laymen and not by religious people.
• Meitei maibas/priests/shamans and maibis/priestesses do not go on for alms rounds, unlike other religions. Instead, they would either grow their own food or buy it using temple donations. Most of them are also required to be vegetarian.
• Traditional Meitei Shrines/Temples may or may not have donation boxes for followers to place their money donations. It is entirely up to you to decide whether or how much you wish to donate. If you want to donate some money, it's mandatory for your donation to be an "odd number" of Rupees, and not "even number".