Shfelah

• 🌍 Beit Shemesh. the modern day city was founded in 1950, although settlement has been on the site since pre-Biblical periods 
• 🌍 Modiin. a relatively new Israeli city, planned to be the fourth largest of the country within a few years 

• 🌍 Beth Guvrin – chain of caves which with colombariums, frescoes and other remains
• 🌍 Latrun – strategic hilltop between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, site of a major battle during 1948 Arab–Israeli War

The Shfela is characterized by fertile pastoral hills checkered with ancient ruins. There are also many small natural springs, often diverted into ancient stone pools. A popular hobby of Israeli teenagers is to repair and clean these pools or even build completely new ones. Israeli city dwellers go to these pools to relax and cool off during the summer, and during the weekends its rare to be alone in those springs for a long amount of time. Its also common to see "chill out" zones and fruit trees (especially figs and raspberries) near those springs.

The Shfela was an important region during biblical times. It is the gateway to Jerusalem and other big cities in the mountains, such as Hebron and Bethlehem, and there were many important cities in the Shfela itself, such as Beit Shemesh and Gezer.

It was also the main battleground between the Israelites, who sat in the mountains, and their arch enemies the Philistines, a Greek nation that invaded from the sea and conquered the coastal plains of Israel. One of the most famous battles in the world, the battle between David and Goliath, took place in Valley of Elah, one of two main valleys in the Shfela (along with the Ayalon valley). A couple centuries earlier, the Ayalon valley is where Joshua, according to the Bible, defeated the Canaanites by stopping the sun's movement.

When the Jewish leader Bar Kochba rebelled against Roman rule in the year 132, his followers built a network of caves across the Shfela (and to a lesser extent in other parts of Israel) to conceal them. These caves are still visible around the region (though it's not recommended to enter them without a guide who knows which are safe and interesting).

During Israel's 1948 war of independence, the Shfela was the main battleground between Israeli forces, who tried to break the road to Jerusalem, and the armies of Jordan and Iraq, who tried to reach the coastal plains and conquer the temporary capital of Israel, Tel Aviv. In the end, the line of truce between Israel and Jordan passed mostly through the Shfela. During the Six-Day War in 1967, all of the western bank of the Jordan river was conquered by Israel, including the Jordanian Shfela and the mountains of Judea and Samaria.

The Shfela has beautiful views of the coastal plains from one side and the mountains of Judea and Samaria on the other side. Probably everywhere you will go you will have beautiful views.

As a central place in Israel since the days of the bible, the Shfela has many marked trail routes that crosses the hills and valleys, while passing by springs and ruins. There isn't any organized reserve to pay and walk in a specific route. To travel here, you need to get a map of the area or to know exactly where your route starts, get there, and just start walking.Like in the rest of Israel, each official trail is marked with 3 different colors, and you simply need to follow those 3 colors as they appear on rocks and trees throughout the route and tell you in which direction to go.

Several sites are adjacent to Latrun. If coming by bus, many routes from Jerusalem stop here. From Tel Aviv, your best bet may be to change buses in Ramla.

• 🌍 Britannia Park. Large forested area, popular with hikers (updated Sep 2023)

The Shfela is very safe to travel in. Car theft is known to occur, though less commonly than in the Negev desert.