Desert castles

See also: Castles

The desert castles are a series of buildings (not all castles) built by the Umayyads in the desert, east of Amman. They provide a fascinating glimpse of how the Umayyads controlled the unforgiving desert. In Arabic, the word for "castle" is قَصْر (qaṣr, ultimately from Latin castrum), and this word features in many of the castles' names. There are numerous texts online, many of them scientific papers, for more information.

It is hard to see much of them by public transport but a numer of them are close to major highways or larger roads. Some of the more known castles, like Qasr Amra, require a small entrance fee.

The main castles can be seen in a loop, with some near 🌍 Zarqa on the main road east of Amman, some near 🌍 Azraq, and some on the southern road from Azraq to near Amman airport.

There are a number of better known, spectacular castles.

• 🌍 Qasr Amra (right by highway 40). Bath complex with spectacular frescoes. This castle is a typical tourist attraction and includes a small museum (updated Apr 2021)
• 🌍 Qasr Kharana (right by highway 40). A large rectangular building that was likely a meeting place. It stands out against the desert and, unfortunately, the highway and power lines. The courtyard may be cool enough for a quick picnic. This is a typical tourist attraction with bathrooms available. (updated Apr 2021)
• 🌍 Qasr Al-Azraq (Azraq Castle) (5 km north of the Azraq t-junction, right next to the road). A large ruined castle in the northern suburbs of Azraq. Good for exploring. 
• 🌍 Qasr Al-Hallabat (the first castle on a clockwise loop, east of Zarqa and just west of Hallabat). A large castle that went through multiple phases of building, showing black rock additions to the original work, plus some large mosaics. 
• 🌍 Hammam as-Sarah (a few km east of Qasr Al-Hallabat). The baths used by the rulers of Hallabat castle, now undergoing some archaeological work. The gate will be closed but unlocked. Free. 

Some lesser known castles include the following.

• 🌍 Qasr Ussaykhim (Qasr Assekhin), head east from Azraq, there will be a signposted turnoff, but the sealed road ends 1 km before the castle. A ruined castle built from the black desert rock, a few arches standing out against the pile of rubble. This is an amazing peaceful place to look out over the rocky desert. Free. 
• 🌍 Qasr Mushash (Only accessible with four wheel drive. It is easiest to 🌍 go offroad here (Qasr Mushash)). It is not as impressive as other desert castles, but worth visiting. At first, one might notice only small remains, but after a second look, buildings (stone walls) can be identified. (updated Apr 2021)
• 🌍 Qasr Uweinid (only accessible with a four wheel drive. It is best to 🌍 go offroad here (Qasr Uweinid)). This Qasr impresses the visitor with the thick walls and the amount of black stone that must have been transported to build it. Although only some walls and its shape remind us of the stone's former use, the landscape in the area around it is fascinating. There is not so much left of this Qasr, but if you are interested in history of "off the beaten path" places, this is one place to go. (updated Apr 2021)
• 🌍 Qasr Tuba (Only accessible with four wheel drive. It is easiest to 🌍 go offroad here (Qasr Tuba)). This is a rather impressive Desert Castle. It was once renovated and features several, still existing, tall rooms. It was had a formidable size, but many parts of it are now destroyed. Unfortunately, visitors have left rubbish and many of the walls that once were paintings are now decorated by graffiti. (updated Apr 2021)
• 🌍 Bayir Castle (Only accessible with four wheel drive. It is easiest to 🌍 go offroad here (Bayir Castle)). This is a more modern castle which was probably built by a Turkish investor as a restaurant. Unlike the other desert castles it is not Umayyad and it is built very differently. Although it looks like a castle, it could also be considered a "lost place". Close by is a small, less impressive, historic building and a few metres further a small, but idyllic green valley and a water reservoir. (updated Apr 2021)
• 🌍 Qasr Burqu (Only accessible with four wheel drive. Transportation can be organized through RSCN.). This castle is build from black rock that covers the surrounding area. It is one of the oldest in Jordan, having been constructed as a byzantine monastery and was later used by the Umayyades. Some walls and parts of the second floor is standing. Free. (updated Jul 2023)

Larger towns like Zarqa, Hallabat and Azraq will have restaurants but you might want to take your own food and have a picnic.

Although many desert castles once served as a place to sleep in the Umayyad period, they don't have accommodation close by nowadays, unless the castle is in the city. Qasr Burqu has a modern RSCN lodge close by, though.