Hampshire

• 🌍 Winchester – Hampshire's county town and England's first capital city is best known for its ancient cathedral and medieval centre.
• 🌍 Portsmouth – An active naval city since the 1500s, its historic dock has vessels such as Victory and Mary Rose, contrasting with impressive modern architecture.
• 🌍 Southampton – The largest city in Hampshire is also the county's commercial, education and media hub. Good shopping, two universities and the UK's main cruise ship port attract visitors.

• 🌍 Aldershot – The "Home of the British Army" has two good military museums.
• 🌍 Alresford – Colourful old town at the west end of the Mid Hants Steam Railway that is still the hub of England's watercress industry.
• 🌍 Alton – Historic market town at the east end of the Mid Hants Railway, with Jane Austen's and Gilbert White's houses in the nearby villages of Chawton (2 km) and Selborne (8 km) respectively.
• 🌍 Andover – This pretty coaching town is an excellent base for exploring the Wessex countryside and neighbouring towns and villages such as charming 🌍 Whitchurch.
• 🌍 Basingstoke – 'Soulless' new town it may be, Basingstoke nonetheless offers some of the best shopping and entertainment in Hampshire, and an unusual "living history" museum.
• 🌍 Brockenhurst – a small town in the New Forest.
• 🌍 Eastleigh – Benny Hill once did his milk round here and the Spitfire first flew here, but modern Eastleigh has little to offer the traveller beyond good cheap accommodation and excellent transport connections.
• 🌍 Fareham – Coastal town home to the Roman and medieval Portchester Castle and several imposing fortresses from the Napoleonic Wars.
• 🌍 Farnborough – The "Birthplace of British Aviation" is home to the biennial International Air Show, features an aerospace museum and library and is the resting place of Napoleon III.
• 🌍 Fleet – Small commuter town that took its name from "le flete", a 21 hectare fresh-water pond that dates from medieval times. It is known for its high happiness levels surrounded by pleasant countryside.
• 🌍 Fordingbridge – A town on the northwestern edge of the New Forest at a medieval river crossing.
• 🌍 Gosport – Facing Portsmouth across their shared harbour, Gosport has two naval museums of repute.
• 🌍 Havant – A former Celtic settlement close to Langstone Harbour.
• 🌍 Hythe – On the western shore of Southampton Water next to the New Forest, includes the seaside village of Calshot.
• 🌍 Lymington – Beautiful Georgian seaside town in the New Forest.
• 🌍 Lyndhurst – The picturesque main town of the New Forest, which has the reputation for being somewhat of a tourist trap.
• 🌍 Petersfield – Hampshire's gateway to the South Downs
• 🌍 Ringwood – Well-known brewery and country parks
• 🌍 Romsey – Market town on the edge of the New Forest, home to an abbey and many historic houses including Broadlands, seat of the Mountbatten family.
• 🌍 Tadley – Small town that's good for visits to local landmarks, including a ruined Roman city and a Georgian stately home.

• 🌍 Beaulieu is best known for the National Motor Museum, but also has the Victorian Gothic Palace House, Beaulieu Abbey, the World of Top Gear and On Screen Cars exhibitions, various gardens and the park's famous monorail.
• 🌍 Burley – A village in the New Forest.
• 🌍 Cadnam — An important crossroads between Southampton and the towns of Dorset.
• 🌍 Emsworth – Foodie village with views over Chichester Harbour.
• 🌍 Hamble-le-Rice – Scenic estuary village perfect for bird- and ship-watching.
• 🌍 Odiham – Small rural town with regular markets and pretty countryside ideal for walking.
• 🌍 Stockbridge – Another pretty village base for seeing some of the loveliest countryside in Hampshire.
• 🌍 Wickham – Great country shopping and dining in the Meon Valley.

Although part of the South East region of England, Hampshire is actually midway along the south coast between east and west. Clockwise from the west, it is bordered by the counties of Dorset, Wiltshire, Berkshire, Surrey, and West Sussex. To the south is the Solent, a narrow channel of sea separating mainland Britain from the Isle of Wight, and the English Channel. Hampshire's coast is characterised by many natural harbours and inlets, which boost the coast's 60 miles (100 km) "as the crow flies" into a true length of around 250 miles (400 km).

Hampshire combines scattered population centres with a typical English rural landscape. The bulk of the population lives in the South Hampshire conurbation - Southampton, Portsmouth and their respective suburbs, connected to Winchester by a corridor of urbanisation. Outside this area, the largest centres of population are Basingstoke and, in the north east corner, the Blackwater Valley towns (Farnborough and Aldershot) which signal the start of London's commuter suburbs and which are contiguous with Camberley, Frimley and Farnham.

A fair chunk of the South Downs National Park lies within the south eastern portion of the county. Almost all of the south western corner is within the New Forest, another national park. The north and north west of the county are largely agricultural and retain many similarities with neighbouring Westcountry counties.

The population of Hampshire was 1,857,900 in 2021, making it the fifth most populous English county. The entire county is within commuting distance of London and the population is on the whole prosperous. People from Hampshire are known as Hampshire Hogs, due to the county's long association with both boar-hunting and pig-farming (indeed the American breed of pig known as the "Hampshire" is thought to have its origins in the county). Famous Hampshire Hogs include English monarchs Alfred the Great, Henry III and Matilda, novelists Jane Austen and Charles Dickens, pioneering nurse Florence Nightingale, engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, comedian Benny Hill, and actors Colin Firth and Martin Freeman.

The patron saint of Hampshire, Saint Swithun, was bishop of Winchester in the mid 9th century. His feast day, 15 July, is also the county day. Folklore holds that if even a drop of rain falls on his namesake bridge in Winchester on Saint Swithun's Day, it will rain for the next forty days:

Hampshire has a crucial place in both English and British history. Home to the Belgiae Celts prior to 55 AD, Hampshire later saw Roman civilisation at Rockbourne and Silchester (the city of Calleva Atrebatum). Later, the area formed part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, and it was from here that King Alfred of Wessex repelled the Danes and united all the Saxon states into the first unified Kingdom of England. Alfred, who remains the only English monarch to be posthumously honoured with the title of "the Great", was celebrated for his reform of the English justice system and the improvement of his subjects' quality of life and literacy. He made Winchester the new nation's capital, a status retained until the Norman Conquest when William the Conqueror designated the already much larger city of London his seat of power.

Under the Normans, much of Hampshire became royal hunting ground, the most famous domain of which was the New Forest, planted on the orders of William himself. The Conqueror's son, King William II, was killed in a 'hunting accident' (probable assassination by his own men) in the New Forest in 1100, and the spot is today marked by a memorial stone. The Middle Ages saw the building of Winchester's stunning cathedral, the longest medieval church in the world. Many of Hampshire's castles such as those at Portchester and Odiham date from this period too, although Henry VIII continued to build new fortresses along the Solent, many of which were reinforced and expanded during the Napoleonic Wars.

Both Southampton and Portsmouth became important harbours during the late Middle Ages, the former for commercial traffic and the latter as a naval dockyard. Among the famous vessels to sail from Southampton were the Mayflower and the RMS Titanic , which was largely staffed by more than 500 citizens of Southampton, most of whom perished on board. Portsmouth launched the Mary Rose, which lay at the bottom of the Solent for 450 years until it was rediscovered and raised in 1982, and HMS Victory, Lord Nelson's flagship in the Battle of Trafalgar, where the admiral was killed in action. Many of the earliest European settlers of the United States originated from Hampshire.

The military connection continued through the 19th and 20th centuries, when large Army garrisons were established around Aldershot and aviation pioneers moved in to Farnborough, where the first powered flight in British skies took place in 1908, flown by American Wild West showman Samuel Franklin Cody. Among other aeronautical developments to take place in the county, Eastleigh hosted the development of the Spitfire fighter plane, while Farnborough launched the first jet aircraft and much of the engineering work required to bring the supersonic liner Concorde into existence.

• Visit Hampshire website

Driving times from the Channel Tunnel to Hampshire, via the M20, M26, M25 and M3 motorways, are 2–3 hours in good traffic, though you should allow for longer when travelling during peak hours (M-F 7:30–9:30AM, 4:30–6:30PM; and all day on holiday weekends).

The main roads from London are the A3 (which heads to Portsmouth, via Liss, Liphook and Petersfield) and the M3 motorway (which runs to Southampton, via Farnborough, Basingstoke, Winchester and Eastleigh). The M27 South Coast Motorway runs from the New Forest to Portsmouth, via Southampton; it connects at its western end with the A31 from Bournemouth, and at its eastern end with the A27 from Brighton and Chichester. The A34 offers connections from Oxford and the Midlands, while the A303 brings traffic from the West Country. In north Hampshire, the "other" road called A31 branches off the A3, allowing faster journey times to Alton and Winchester from Surrey and Kent than the M3 can offer.

Hampshire has its very own international airport, 🌍 Southampton Airport (SOU ^IATA). This has good connections from northern England, Scotland, Ireland and the Channel Islands, as well as from near parts of the continent such as France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland. See the main article for details. In addition, the county has Britain's largest airport dedicated exclusively to private and business aviation - 🌍 Farnborough Airport (FAB ^IATA).

The county is also well-served by London's international and domestic airports, with Heathrow and Gatwick especially close by.

Eurostar run trains from France, Belgium and the Netherlands to London St Pancras. Onward journey times (by Tube, and then rail from Waterloo station) to Hampshire take between one and three hours, depending on where in the county you're headed.

Rail services from the rest of the UK are good. Trains from London Waterloo, Surrey, Wiltshire and Dorset are operated by South Western Railway, while services from London Victoria and Sussex are run by Southern Railway. Cross Country run trains from Berkshire, the Midlands and North, and Great Western Railway run from South Wales and Somerset.

The main stations for inter-regional services are Basingstoke, Portsmouth & Southsea, Southampton Central, and Winchester.

Portsmouth is a major international ferry port, and receives ferries from Jersey and Guernsey (in the Channel Islands), Cherbourg, Caen, Le Havre and St. Malo (in France), and Bilbao and Santander (in Spain).

Southampton is on the cruise ship circuit, and is also the home port of RMS Queen Mary II, the world's only remaining ocean liner that makes regular transatlantic crossings to and from New York City.

Other nearby south coast ports with ferry service from the continent are Dover, Newhaven, and Poole.

Private vehicle is the best the way to get around Hampshire, especially for those travelling to smaller towns and the countryside. The main roads in the county are the:

• M3 (linking Southampton in the south to Farnborough in the north east, via Winchester and Basingstoke);
• M27 (linking the New Forest in the west to Portsmouth in the east along the coast, via Southampton);
• A3 (linking Portsmouth in the south east to Surrey, via Petersfield);
• A31 (linking Winchester with Surrey and the A3, via Alton);
• A32 (linking Portsmouth with Alton);
• A33 (linking Basingstoke with Reading in Berkshire);
• A34 (linking Winchester and the M3 with Newbury in Berkshire)
• A272 (linking Winchester to Petersfield and West Sussex);
• A303 (linking the M3 near Basingstoke to Andover and Wiltshire);
• A331 (linking Farnborough, Aldershot and the M3 with other local towns in Surrey and Berkshire).

If you intend to remain within the major towns and cities, public transport is a very viable option. The most practical mode is by train, though there are also bus services throughout the county.

Hampshire is well-connected by rail, with several radial lines coming from London, as well as an east-west network along the coast while the Reading to Gatwick line passes through the north-eastern corner of the county. Most towns and even some villages have a railway station with regular services.

Most rail services within Hampshire are operated by South Western Railway, though some service patterns are run by other operators. The best website to find timetables and book tickets is National Rail Enquiries.

One line in Hampshire is still served by steam locomotives and vintage diesel trains, the Mid Hants Railway. This does not form part of the National Rail network and tickets must be bought separately, but this is a fantastic way to travel through the Hampshire countryside. The Watercress Line, as it is also known, links Alton's National Rail station to Alresford.

Most local bus services are operated by Stagecoach South. Bus travel in Hampshire is expensive and slow when compared with the buses in London and other large cities, but this can be an excellent way to travel short distances in and between towns.

Portsmouth is linked to Gosport by a frequent passenger ferry. There are also hovercraft, passenger and car ferry crossings to various towns on the Isle of Wight from Lymington, Southampton, and Portsmouth.