Mashhad

Mashhad started life out as Sanabad, a village pitstop for trade caravans headed towards Turkmenistan. But in the ninth century, the eighth Shi'ite Imam Ali Bin Moosa Al Reza, the great-grandson of Imam Ali who was the cousin & son in law of Prophet Mohammad was poisoned by the jealous caliph of the time. Imam Reza was buried in Mashhad, and his shrine became one of the holiest sites to the Shi'ite Muslims after the Holy Kaaba in Saudi Arabia and Karbala in Iraq.

Over the next thousand years, the shrine complex was levelled, ransacked and rebuilt a number of times depending on the ruling army of the day. Today the shrine is the most important place in the city and in the whole of Iran.

Dress code for women is strict, as it is in any part of Iran, however a self encompassing chador is not a must for any lady in public place in city. For women, a simple headscarf or roo-sari, with a trenchcoat and pants are fine. Men are also not allowed to wear shorts. These rules are the same for any and all cities and villages in Iran; it is national law.

Mashhad has a rapid transit system , which operates from 06:00-22:00 and cost 20,000 rials per trip.

Apart from Imam Reza shrine there is a number of large parks, the tombs of historical celebrities in nearby Tus and Nishapur, the tomb of Nadir Shah and Kooh Sangi park and Mellat Park that have modern attractions for children such as the tallest Ferris wheel or fanfar in Iran and Koohestan Park-e-Shadi Complex that includes a zoo, where many wild animals are kept and which attracts many visitors to Mashhad. It is also home to the Mashhad Airbase (formerly Imam Reza airbase), jointly a military installation housing Mirage aircraft, and a civilian international airport.

Some points of interest lie outside the city: the tomb of Khajeh Morad, along the road to Tehran; the tomb of Khajeh Rabi' 6 km (3.7 mi) north of the city where there are some inscriptions by the renowned Safavid calligrapher Reza Abbasi; and the tomb of Khajeh Abasalt, a distance of 20 km (12 mi) from Mashhad along the road to Neishabur. (The three were all disciples of Imam Reza).

Among the other sights are the tomb of the poet Ferdowsi in Tus, 24 km (15 mi) distance, and the summer resorts at Torghabeh, Torogh, Akhlamad, Zoshk, and Shandiz.

The Shah Public Bath, built during the Safavid era in 1648, is an outstanding example of the architecture of that period. It has been restored, and is to be turned into a museum.

• 🌍 Imam Reza Shrine Complex (The shrine is visible from far away and has entrances on all sides. There are separate entrance doors for brothers and sisters, bags and cameras have to be left at luggage deposit offices outside the shrine for a 10,000 rials fee. All visitors will be frisked at the gates leading to the Shrine. Mobile phones can be brought into the shrine. Women have to wear a chador.). This complex has been developed around the tomb of the eighth Imam of Shia Islam. The burial chamber where the Imam rests is the holiest place for all Shia Iranians. Foreigners are allowed to visit the complex, while the central area and certain courtyards allegedly are off-limits for non-Muslims. Shiites come to this place as pilgrims to mourn the death of their religious leader and don't want to be disturbed by crowds of tourists. That said, there are no marks of any kind telling where you can go and where not. If you manage to blend into the crowd, it is possible to visit the core of the shrine. It is impressing from the architectural point of view with the corridors and domes completely adorned with Persian mirror mosaic. It pays off to take some time and soak in the atmosphere of praying and mourning. The complex also includes a library and the Ghoharshad Mosque, which is the largest mosque in the world by area and the second largest in capacity. Travellers have the option to visit the Foreign Pilgrims Assistance Office where you will be shown some videos about the shrine (from Press-TV) and handed out some booklets. There are some English-speaking volunteers available to guide you around in the complex, but they will not show you the Holy Shrine itself. Free. (updated Jan 2016)
• 🌍 Central Museum (Located inside the Holy Shrine complex, it is signposted in English). Weekdays 08:00-17:45, Holidays 08:00-12:00. This museum shows an arbitrary mix of items such as coins, stamps, European clocks and astronomical instruments, pictures of marine animals, but also some interesting items like the old tombs of Imam Reza and pictures dating back to the beginning of photography in Iran. Some of the explanations are in English. Avoid visiting this museum with a guide from the Foreign Pilgrims Assistance Office, as they will press you to adequately appreciate each of the items, even the Euro coins. 10,000 rials (also for foreigners). (updated Jan 2016)
• 🌍 Carpet Museum (Located inside the Holy Shrine complex, it is signposted in English). Sa-W 08:00-12:30, Th 08:00-11:30, Holidays 08:00-12:00. The name says it all. Great and impressive pieces on display. 10,000 rials (also for foreigners). (updated Jan 2016)
• 🌍 Nader Shah Park & Mausoleum. Monument to the founder of Afshar dynasty (1736–1747) (updated Oct 2015)
• 🌍 Ferdowsi Park & Mausoleum. (updated Oct 2015)
• Gombade Sabz Mausoleum. (updated Oct 2015)
• 🌍 Torghabeh. Sightseeing, village restaurants. (updated Oct 2015)
• 🌍 Shandiz. Village restaurants. (updated Oct 2015)

Mashhad has three large bazaars. Interesting things to buy include Khorassan crafts, fur-cloak, jewelry, perfume, saffron, and religious souvenirs.

• 🌍 Bazaar-e Reza (Bazaar-e Bozorg). Two stories height and one of the main shopping centres in the town. Sells souvenirs, sweets, saffron and clothes on the first floor and jewellery on the second floor. Famous for the turquoise which is mined near Mashhad. All products are aimed at the Iranian taste. 
• Sara-ye Bazaar-e Reza Mostly a fabric and textile bazaar.
• Kuwaiti Bazaar, on the 17th Shahrivar Square.
• Bazaar-e bozorg-e markazy, on the corner of shirazi Av. and akhond-e khorasani st.(Shohada crossroad).
• Shargh-Zist Trade Center All things with best prices, Tabarsi Sqr, north side of Holy Shrine.
• Proma Trade Center, Janbaz Sqr.
• Almas-e Shargh, Northern Khayyam Blvd.
• Zist Khavar, Shariaty Sqr.
• 🌍 Sajjad Blvd (500 metres northeast of Khayyam metro station). You can find few good quality shopping centers in this Blvd (a bit expensive). 
• 🌍 Sahar Khiz Saffron, Ahmadabad Blvd (close to metro station Qaem), ☏ +98 51 3843 1542. A spice shop that sells high quality saffron among other spices like Kerman Cumin. No bargaining, fixed prices. 3g saffron 330,000 rials. 

Iranian cuisine is one of the best in the world. They do not eat spicy food but even then their food is very tasty. Chello Kebab is a very popular dish as well as Bakhtiari Kebab. There are also different kinds of breads available. So eating will be an assured good and affordable experience in Mashhad

You can find lots of great restaurants and all kinds of fast-foods are available. The most advertised restaurant of Mashhad (and one of the most expensive) is 'Padide Shandiz'. There are also numerous other decent restaurants in Shandiz. Full meals with rice cost US$5-20.

Padide Shandiz address: Shandiz town.

You can find a kind of ice-cream named ice pack "Persian: آیس پک" in mashhad. it's really great to taste it. There are lots of Ice Pack bars in Mashhad. The main one is placed at "Shariati Sqr". This kind of ice-cream can be found with all kinds of flavors like chocolate, apple, cherry, strawberry, coffee, peach and all kind of fruits. This type of ice-cream was invented in Iran, is even getting popular in the United States of America.

🌍 Hezardestan Traditional Teahouse, Jannat (جنت) street (in a parallel street to Modarres Blvd. Jannat street is a pedestrian zone. There is a huge Lonely Planet advertisement on the wall opposite to the restaurant so it is hard to miss.). Very beautifully decorated subterranean restaurant. The menu comprises (only) four dishes (Chicken Kebab, Dizi, Ghormeh, mashed eggplant) which are very well done and are served with lots of side dishes. Service is lame, however, bring enough time. Base charge for tea = 150,000 rials. Meals 250,000 to 470,000 rials. (updated Jan 2016)

Mashhad attracts huge number of visitors specially during the summer months, so be sure to make travel reservations in advance. Mashhad can also be very cold during winters, hence heavy woolens are required during winters. Even in summers nights are pretty cold and requires light woolens.

• In crowded places and places of worship, such as the Holy Shrine, be careful about pick-pockets. Take care of your possessions as there's a small risk of theft by pick-pockets.

The following countries have consulates in Mashad:

• Consulate of Afghanistan, Imam Khomeini Avenue, Doshahid Street, Sevom Isfand Sq., ☏ +98-513-8544829, +98-513-8597552, fax: +98 21 33113508, afghanistan_ge_con_mashad@samanir.net. 
• Consulate of Kazakhstan, Rahnemai Street 10, 41 h., ☏ +98-513-8417716, fax: +98-513 8401293, gcomrk@aftab.ws. 
• Consulate of Kyrgyzstan, No. 209, Next to Gas station, Abkooh Ave. 91839, ☏ +98-513-2229845, fax: +98-513-2227045, pcmi@persiannet.net. 
• 🌍 Consulate of Pakistan, P.O. Box No.91375-1733, Imam Khomeini St., Opposite of Melli Garden, ☏ +98-513-6040364. 
• Consulate of Turkmenistan, No. 34, Konsoolgari Alley, 10th Day Sq. 91386, ☏ +98-513-8547066, fax: +98-513-8547073. 
• Consulate of Saudi Arabia, No. 4, Molavi St. Sajjad Blvd, ☏ +98-513-6076276, +98-513-6076279, fax: +98-513-6076273, +98-513-6076278.